Abstract: A method of producing a carbon dioxide product stream from a synthesis gas stream formed within a hydrogen plant having a synthesis gas reactor, a water-gas shift reactor, located downstream of the synthesis gas reactor to form the synthesis gas stream and a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption unit to produce a hydrogen product recovered from the synthesis gas stream. In accordance with the method the carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas stream by separating the carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas stream in a vacuum pressure swing adsorption system, thereby to produce a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas stream and a crude carbon dioxide stream and then purifying the crude carbon dioxide stream by a sub-ambient temperature distillation process thereby to produce the carbon dioxide product. A hydrogen synthesis gas feed stream to the hydrogen pressure swing adsorption unit is formed at least in part from the hydrogen rich stream.

Abstract: A refrigeration system especially useful for refrigerating biological samples wherein a cryocooler, such as one employing a pressure wave from a pressure wave generator, is used to generate refrigeration for cooling liquid coolant or purging fluid, which is employed within hollow structures bordering an enclosed space of a storage unit or within the storage space of a storage unit and is subsequently cleaned of contaminants purged from the storage space.

Abstract: A method of purifying a gas stream by removing oxygen from the gas stream in which the gas stream is introduced into a series of electrically driven oxygen separation zones that separate the oxygen from the gas stream. Each of the electrically driven oxygen separation zones has an electrolyte that conducts oxygen ions upon the application of the voltage to electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte. The voltage applied to each of the electrodes of the separation zones is selected such that an ionic current induced in the electrolyte within a particular zone that is no greater than a limiting current. When voltage is applied in such manner, the electrical power that is consumed is reduced over the power that would otherwise be consumed had a constant voltage been applied to all zones. The gas stream can be a crude argon stream obtained from a crude argon column or a crude nitrogen stream obtained from a pressure swing adsorption unit or a polymeric membrane unit.

Abstract: A system for cooling a power transformer wherein cryogen in liquid or solid form is sprayed into a vaporizer or directly onto a power transformer radiator and the vaporizing and/or sublimating cryogen cools a cooling fluid within the vaporizer or cools the radiator directly to provide cooling to the power transformer.

Abstract: A refrigeration system especially useful for refrigerating biological samples wherein a cryocooler, such as one employing a pressure wave from a pressure wave generator, is used to generate refrigeration for cooling liquid coolant or purging fluid, which is employed within hollow structures bordering an enclosed space of a storage unit or within the storage space of a storage unit and is subsequently cleaned of contaminants purged from the storage space.

Abstract: A method for providing cooling to superconducting cable wherein pressurized liquid cryogen is passed into a vacuum vessel, which is maintained at a lower pressure by a vacuum pump, and a portion of the liquid cryogen is flashed to produce cooled liquid cryogen. The evacuating energy combined with the pressurized liquid produces a pressure gradient which serves to provide a continuous supply of cooled liquid cryogen for providing cooling to the superconducting cable.