Abstract: Ductile, high-density, non-toxic W—Ni—Mn—Fe alloy compositions and methods of manufacture by which they may be converted to shot (for use in shotshells) and other useful products traditionally made of lead alloys are presented. Product of the present invention is softer than gun barrel steels and may be hand-loaded (and recycled/reloaded) into shotshells using conventional powders, primers, casings and wads. If desired for game law enforcement, shot of the present invention may be formulated to be ferromagnetic while retaining all other desirable attributes.

Abstract: A method of producing a high-density article is presented comprising selecting one or more primary tungsten-containing constituents with densities greater than 10.0 g/cc and one or more secondary constituents with densities less than 10.0 g/cc, co-milling the mixture of constituents in a high-energy mill to obtain mechanical alloying effects, then processing the resulting powder product by conventional powder metallurgy to produce an article with bulk density greater than 9.0 g/cc.

Abstract: A mixed oxide ceramic product is made directly from a metal alloy of titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium and niobium, tantalum or hafnium, where the normally combustible alloy of titanium and zirconium or hafnium is passivated by the addition of more than about 7 atomic percent of niobium and/or tantalum and or vanadium which alloy can then be heated in air at atmospheric pressure to a temperature of from about 800 degrees C. to about 1500 degrees C. to produce an adherent monolithic ceramic containing product.

Abstract: Controllable oxidation of certain titanium zirconium alloys is achieved by utilizing minor proportions of niobium, tantalum or vanadium or mixtures thereof and articles formed therefrom can be partially oxidized to form a deep, hard monolithic oxide containing surface layer and further or completely oxidized to form a cermet or ceramic body respectively, which can be heated further to improve the ceramic bodies properties.

Abstract: High specific gravity, lead free shotshell pellets are produced by preparing an iron-tungsten alloy having a specific gravity of at least 8 g/cc, melting the alloy at a temperature of about 1550.degree.-1760.degree. C., pouring the melted alloy through at least one orifice of a sieve having a specific sized opening so as to produce a desired final product size, and allowing the melted alloy to fall by gravity through a gaseous medium to form drops of molten metal, and cooling the individual molten drops to form spherical metal pellets. A plurality of orifices of different sizes may be used in order to form a desired distribution of shot pellet sizes.