Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for a reconfigurable architecture analog front end architecture for electrochemical sensors. In one example, an analog front end includes an electrode driver stage coupled to electrodes of an electrochemical sensor, and measurement channels coupled to the electrode driver stage to receive an electrode signal from the electrodes of the electrochemical sensor and to generate measurement results, the measurement channels configured to switch configurations to perform different measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits and a microphone circuit are disclosed. In an embodiment, a sigma-delta ADC circuit includes a pair of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), a filter connected to the pair of OTAs, a quantizer connected to the filter, a differential digital-to-analog converter (DAC) connected to the quantizer, and a bias compensation circuit configured to measure a biasing condition of a first OTA of the pair of OTAs and to apply the biasing condition of the first OTA to a second OTA of the pair of OTAs to reduce Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise (THD+N) in the sigma-delta ADC circuit. An output of a microphone and a differential output of the differential DAC are inputted into input terminals of the pair of OTAs.

Abstract: Embodiments of multi-mode sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits and a microphone circuit are disclosed. In an embodiment, a multi-mode sigma-delta ADC circuit includes a pair of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), a filter connected to the pair of OTAs, a quantizer connected to the filter, a differential digital-to-analog converter (DAC) connected to the quantizer, and a controller configured to switch the multi-mode sigma-delta ADC circuit between a single-ended operational mode, a pseudo differential operational mode, and a full differential operational mode to improve common mode rejection (CMR) performance by controlling the pair of OTAs. An output of a microphone and a differential output of the differential DAC are inputted into input terminals of the pair of OTAs.

Abstract: A method for producing metal-based thin foils is provided, which includes the steps of extruding a metal through an extruder to form a preliminary foil, cooling the preliminary foil in a coolant bath, and rolling the preliminary foil in a rolling system containing at least two rollers to form a metal-based thin foil.

Abstract: An electric energy store for installing into a motor vehicle includes at least two housing parts. A first housing part is not designed to receive storage cells and a second housing part is designed to receive all of the storage cells. The first housing part is designed to be installed in the motor vehicle as an upper housing part, and the second housing part is designed to be installed in the motor vehicle as a lower housing part. The first housing part can be closed by a removable first cover, and the second housing part is designed as a closed capsule with a non-removable second cover.

Abstract: A method is provided for impedance-controlled fast charging of a stored electrical energy source of a working device, in particular of a stored energy source in a vehicle. In the method: a variable characteristic of an impedance of the stored energy source is detected; a present charging current for charging the stored electrical energy source is set as a function of the variable characteristic of the impedance; the present charging current is temporarily reduced with a steep edge by temporarily connecting a resistive load to the stored energy source and feeding the load using the stored energy source; and a voltage response of the stored energy source to the steep edge is detected as the variable characteristic of the impedance of the stored energy source and is used as the basis for setting the present charging current.

Abstract: A method is provided for impedance-controlled fast charging of a stored electrical energy source of a working device, in particular of a stored energy source in a vehicle. In the method: a variable characteristic of an impedance of the stored energy source is detected; a present charging current for charging the stored electrical energy source is set as a function of the variable characteristic of the impedance; the present charging current is temporarily reduced with a steep edge by temporarily connecting a resistive load to the stored energy source and feeding the load using the stored energy source; and a voltage response of the stored energy source to the steep edge is detected as the variable characteristic of the impedance of the stored energy source and is used as the basis for setting the present charging current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a lithium ion battery (1) comprising at least one lithium ion cell and a heating device (2), wherein: the heating device (2) is designed to operate the lithium ion battery (1) in a temperature range between 5 and 90° C.; the lithium ion cell comprises an anode (4), a cathode (5), a separator (6), a current collector (7) and an electrolyte (3); the method comprises a step of operating the lithium ion battery (1) in a temperature range between 5 and 90° C.; and the electrolyte (3) contains: LiBOB as conducting salt and at least one selected from: PC and EC as solvent or LiFSI and/or LiDFOB as conducting salt and at least one glycol ether and/or DMC as solvent or LiFSI and/or LiTFSI and/or LiDFOB and/or LiTDI as conducting salt and at least one compound selected from: imidazolium compounds, pyrrolidinium compounds and piperidinium compounds as solvent.

Abstract: A sintered electrode having a sintered composite material is provided. The composite material contains (A) active-material particles, (B) solid-state electrolyte particles from an inorganic lithium ion conductor, (C) a particulate conductivity additive from an electrically conductive material and (D) a fibrous material, with weight proportions N(A) to N(D) of components (A) to (D) in the composite material satisfy the following: N (A)>N (B)>N (C), N (D). A solid-state lithium-ion battery containing such sintered electrode is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing metal-based thin foils is provided, which includes the steps of extruding a metal through an extruder to form a preliminary foil, cooling the preliminary foil in a coolant bath, and rolling the preliminary foil in a rolling system containing at least two rollers to form a metal-based thin foil.

Abstract: A sintered electrode having a sintered composite material is provided. The composite material contains (A) active-material particles, (B) solid-state electrolyte particles from an inorganic lithium ion conductor, (C) a particulate conductivity additive from an electrically conductive material and (D) a fibrous material, with weight proportions N(A) to N(D) of components (A) to (D) in the composite material satisfy the following: N (A)>N (B)>N (C), N (D). A solid-state lithium-ion battery containing such sintered electrode is also provided.

Abstract: A method produces an electrochemical cell for a solid-state battery having a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolyte arranged between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The negative electrode has a layer of metallic lithium which directly adjoins the solid electrolyte. In order to produce the electrochemical cell, the layer of metallic lithium is heated until it softens before being joined together with the solid electrolyte. An electrochemical cell includes the negative electrode with a layer of metallic lithium which directly adjoins the solid electrolyte, and a layer of a lithium-metal alloy on the layer of metallic lithium.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine includes moving an exhaust valve to a first open position to enable an exhaust product to flow through an exhaust port of the internal combustion engine. The method also includes maintaining the exhaust valve at the first open position for a predetermined time period. The method also includes moving an intake valve to a second open position during the predetermined time period to enable an intake product to flow through an intake port of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, the method includes preventing at least a portion of the intake product from flowing through the exhaust port during the predetermined time period with a first blocking member and a second blocking member.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine includes moving an exhaust valve to a first open position to enable an exhaust product to flow through an exhaust port of the internal combustion engine. The method also includes maintaining the exhaust valve at the first open position for a predetermined time period. The method also includes moving an intake valve to a second open position during the predetermined time period to enable an intake product to flow through an intake port of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, the method includes preventing at least a portion of the intake product from flowing through the exhaust port during the predetermined time period with a first blocking member and a second blocking member.

Abstract: Provided herein is a platform for prediction based on extraction of features and observations collected from a large number of disparate data sources that uses machine learning to reinforce quality of collection, prediction and action based on those predictions.