Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display having backlight structures that include a light guide plate formed from a clear polymer film. The polymer film may have an edge into which light is emitted from an adjacent array of light-emitting diodes. The light emitting diodes may each include a semiconductor device that emits light. The semiconductor device in each diode may be mounted on lead frame structures and wirebonded to the lead frame structures with first and second wire bonds. To improve backlight homogeneity and thereby reduce the mixing distance for light in the light guide plate, the diodes may be spaced closely together using diode packages having end faces that are free of lead frame structures. Exposed lead frame structures for soldering the light-emitting diodes to a substrate may be formed under the light-emitting diodes and on rear surfaces of the light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: An electronic device may contain components such as a processor, video circuitry, camera flash, communications circuitry, and other components that may generate heat during operation. The device may have a display with a backlight unit that contains light-emitting diodes. Control circuitry within the electronic device can apply drive powers to the light-emitting diodes in a way that is sensitive to the operating temperature of the light-emitting diodes. The control circuitry can determine whether the temperature of the light-emitting diodes is elevated by determining which components are active in the device. Activity levels can be ascertained by gathering status information on each component. Temperature sensors may be used to make real time temperature measurements.

Abstract: A system, method, and safety unit provide safety assurance for a multiple redundant system controlling a plant or complex. A unit active line (UAL) status indicates the presence of at least one redundant active unit within the system. A safety verification line (SVL) status verifies the powered down status of all redundant units not active within the system. A safety unit is associated with a vital supervision card (VSC) and vital power bus and the safety unit controls switchable connections from the vital power bus to the UAL and the SVL. Based on verification of UAL and SVL status, system control includes energizing the UAL.

Abstract: A system includes a first power source and a variable neutral impedance circuit configured to vary a neutral impedance of the first power source based on presence and absence of a parallel coupling of the first power source with a second power source. The variable neutral impedance circuit may be configured to reduce a neutral current of the first power source when the first power source is operating in parallel with the second power source. The variable neutral impedance circuit may include an impedance coupled in series with the first power source, a bypass switch configured to bypass the impedance and a control circuit configured to control the bypass switch. The impedance may include a resistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoreversible gelatinized alcohol-containing product comprising water, gelatin, spirit or ethyl alcohol, and an acidifying agent, wherein the product is in the form of a liquid at room temperature and in the form of a gel between 0° C. and 10° C., as well as to the process fro preparing such a product.

Abstract: A mounting system for a light source. The mounting system can include a first portion having a light source coupling feature and a first vertical adjustment feature, where the first vertical adjustment feature includes first fastening features. The mounting system can also include a second portion mechanically coupled to the first portion, where the second portion includes a second vertical adjustment feature having second fastening features, where the second fastening features are mechanically coupled to the first fastening features. The mounting system can further include a horizontal adjustment feature disposed at a bottom end of the second portion and mechanically coupled to the second portion. The mounting system can also include a mounting feature mechanically coupled to the horizontal adjustment feature and configured to mechanically couple to a mounting device. The mounting system can further include a guarding device disposed on a top end of the second portion.

Abstract: Displays such as liquid crystal displays may be provided with structures that minimize curtain mura. A display may have upper and lower polarizers. A color filter layer and a thin film transistor layer may be located between the upper and lower polarizers. A liquid crystal layer may be interposed between the color filter layer and the thin film transistor layer. A first optical film layer that includes a birefringent compensating layer may be located between the upper polarizer and the color filter layer. A second optical film layer that is devoid of birefringent compensating layers may be located between the thin film transistor layer and the lower polarizer. A grid of metal signal lines may be used to distribute signals to thin film transistors on the thin film transistor layer. A black mask may be interposed between the grid of signal lines and the thin film transistor layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display. The display may include a liquid crystal display cell and an organic light-emitting diode backlight unit. The liquid crystal display cell may include a color filter layer, a liquid crystal layer, and a thin-film transistor layer. The organic light-emitting diode backlight unit may include organic emissive material formed on a substrate. The organic emissive material may generate backlight for liquid crystal display cell. Display pixels in the liquid crystal display cell may control the emission of the backlight from the display. The organic light-emitting diode backlight unit may be attached to the display using adhesive, laminated to a polarizer layer of the display cell, or may be integrated into the liquid crystal display cell. The backlight unit may include conductive vias or bent extended edge portions for coupling the backlight unit to control circuitry.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with electrical components mounted in an electronic device housing. A display module may be attached to a display cover layer with a layer of adhesive to form a display module assembly. The display module assembly may include a display module assembly chassis. The display module assembly chassis may include a plastic display module assembly chassis molded over a metal display module assembly chassis. The display module assembly and a backlight unit may be assembled to form a display module that is installed within the electronic device housing or display module assembly layers and backlight unit structures may be assembled into the electronic device housing. The backlight unit may include a backlight unit chassis. A metal housing midplate may serve as part of the backlight unit chassis.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display having backlight structures. The backlight structures may include a light source. Light from the light source may be coupled into an edge of a light guide plate. The backlight structures may include layers such as a diffuser layer and one or more layers of brightness enhancing film. The brightness enhancing film layers may be used to collimate light scattered from the light guide plate and thereby enhance backlight efficiency. Brightness enhancing films may be formed from transparent substrates such as layers of polyester. A patterned polymer layer such as a layer of patterned cured resin may be formed on the transparent substrate of a backlight enhancing film. A roller-based manufacturing process may be used to form the patterned polymer layer on the substrate. The patterned polymer layer may include a series of parallel ridges with rounded peaks.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display having backlight structures that include a light guide plate formed from a clear polymer film. The polymer film may have an edge into which light is emitted from an adjacent array of light-emitting diodes. The light emitting diodes may each include a semiconductor device that emits light. The semiconductor device in each diode may be mounted on lead frame structures and wirebonded to the lead frame structures with first and second wire bonds. To improve backlight homogeneity and thereby reduce the mixing distance for light in the light guide plate, the diodes may be spaced closely together using diode packages having end faces that are free of lead frame structures. Exposed lead frame structures for soldering the light-emitting diodes to a substrate may be formed under the light-emitting diodes and on rear surfaces of the light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: Utilization of quantum dots in displays and the location of the quantum dot sheet within the stackup of the backlight can lead to issues such as non-uniform light mixing, non-uniform brightness, and off-axis changes in color. The mismatch between the isotropic nature of light emitted from the quantum dots and the light emitted directly from the light source can be alleviated by utilization of diffusers and prism sheets. The diffusers and prism sheets can be further utilized to change the angle of light such that it is directed upwards towards the top of the display for improved uniformity in brightness and enhanced performance. Placement of the diffuser sheets, prism sheets, and changes in the design of the components, such as the light guide path, can alleviate the issues by properly mixing the colors together in order to achieve a uniform distribution of colors in the display.

Abstract: A display that utilizes a microelectromechanical (MEMS) shutter module in order to accommodate a quantum dot sheet outside of the display backlight is provided. The MEMS shutter module can be placed either above or below the quantum dot sheet in order to more efficiently control the color at each individual pixel, when the color is being rendered from the isotropic emissions of the quantum dot sheet.

Abstract: A twister assembly for use in connection with bundling one or more objects with a length of wire may cut, grip, eject, and twist the length of wire. The twister assembly includes a main shaft driven by a main shaft motor and a twister shaft driven by a twister motor. The main shaft may be operatively coupled to a gripping mechanism, which is operable between an open and a closed position, a cutting mechanism, and an ejector mechanism. The twister shaft may be operatively coupled to a twisting mechanism, where the twisting mechanism includes a plurality of gears configured to rotate a twister pinion. The twister pinion is further configured to engage the length of wire and twist a portion of the length of wire to form a knot. Related twister assemblies and methods are also provided.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display having backlight structures. The backlight structures may include a light source. Light from the light source may be coupled into an edge of a light guide plate. The backlight structures may include layers such as a diffuser layer and one or more layers of brightness enhancing film. The brightness enhancing film layers may be used to collimate light scattered from the light guide plate and thereby enhance backlight efficiency. Brightness enhancing films may be formed from transparent substrates such as layers of polyester. A patterned polymer layer such as a layer of patterned cured resin may be formed on the transparent substrate of a backlight enhancing film. A roller-based manufacturing process may be used to form the patterned polymer layer on the substrate. The patterned polymer layer may include a series of parallel ridges with rounded peaks.

Abstract: Illumination assemblies, components, and related methods are described. An illumination assembly can include at least one solid state light-emitting device, and at least one light guide including a light homogenization region configured to receive light emitted by the solid state light-emitting device and including a light output boundary. The light homogenization region substantially uniformly distributes light outputted over the light output boundary. A wavelength converting material can be disposed within at least a portion of the light homogenization region. In some assemblies, a light extraction region can be configured to receive light from the light output boundary of the light homogenization region, and can have a length along which received light propagates and an emission surface through which light is emitted. The light extraction region can include a wavelength converting material disposed within at least a portion of the light extraction region.

Abstract: Illumination assemblies, components, and related methods are described. An illumination assembly can include at least one solid state light-emitting device, an emission surface through which light is emitted, and a wavelength converting material that wavelength converts at least some light emitted by the solid state light-emitting device. The wavelength converting material can have a first density per unit area of the emission surface at a first location and a second density per unit area of the emission surface at a second location, wherein the second density is substantially different from the first density, and wherein the density per unit area is defined with a 1×1 cm2 averaging area. Another illumination assembly can include a light guide configured to receive light emitted by a solid state light-emitting device. The light guide can have a length along which received light propagates and an emission surface substantially parallel to the length of the light guide and through which light is emitted.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display. Backlight structures may be used to provide backlight for the display. The backlight structures may include a light guide plate. A rectangular ring-shaped chassis may have a rectangular opening that receives the light guide plate. One or more edges of the chassis may be provided with an array of notches that receive light-emitting diodes or other light sources. The light sources may launch light into edge portions of the light guide plate. The chassis may include a first plastic structure such as a light reflecting structure formed from a material such as white plastic. The first plastic structure may surround two or more peripheral edges of the light guide plate. The chassis may also include a second plastic structure such as a light blocking structure formed from a material such as black plastic that helps prevent light leakage.

Abstract: A display may be based on a display unit that is mounted within a chassis. The display unit may be a liquid crystal display unit. A backlight may be used to illuminate the display unit. The backlight may include a light guide plate. Light from a light source may be launched into an edge of the light guide plate. Scattered light from the light guide plate may travel vertically along a vertical axis that is perpendicular to the plane that contains the light guide plate. The scattered light may pass through the display unit and may serve as backlight for the display. The light guide plate may be mounted within a rectangular opening in the chassis. The edges of the rectangular opening and the edges of the light guide plate may be configured to reduce excessive reflections. These edges may have reflection-reducing coatings, non-planar surfaces, and other reflection-reducing configurations.

Abstract: A display may be based on a display unit that is mounted within a chassis. The display unit may be a liquid crystal display unit. A backlight may be used to illuminate the display unit. The backlight may include a light guide plate. Light from a light source may be launched into an edge of the light guide plate. Scattered light from the light guide plate may travel vertically along a vertical axis that is perpendicular to the plane that contains the light guide plate. The scattered light may pass through the display unit and may serve as backlight for the display. The light guide plate may be mounted within a rectangular opening in the chassis. The edges of the rectangular opening and the edges of the light guide plate may be configured to reduce excessive reflections. These edges may have reflection-reducing coatings, non-planar surfaces, and other reflection-reducing configurations.