Abstract: A analyte species separation system including a fluid flow field disposed between confining surfaces, the flow field having a first flow component flowing in a first direction and a second flow component flowing in a second, transverse, direction, and an electric field configured to cause analyte species to move in the separation flow field at least in a direction opposite to the first flow component, a analyte injection channel in fluid communication with the flow field and an analyte separation target channel or otherwise a collector in fluid communication with the flow field, the system configure so that an analyte species in an analyte sample injected into the flow field traverses at least a portion of the flow field toward the collector target channel with said second flow component, enabling analyte species separation parallel to the first direction and movement in the second direction so that analyte species having mobilities outside a selected mobility range do not enter the target channel and/or an a

Abstract: An electromobility focusing controlled channel electrophoresis system includes a first separation channel including an electric field intensity gradient profile in which the intensity is a continuous function of position within the channel over at least a portion of the channel, and the electrophoretic migration facilitated by the electric field is countered by an opposing force, which can be an electroosmotic flow force, to focus analyte species in the separation channel. A second channel including an analyte concentrator and a collection or transfer port is fluidly connected to the first channel by a steering valve facilitating manipulation of separated analyte species. Means for altering and controlling the electroosmotic force for moving analytes within the system and detectors configured for detecting analyte species are also included.

Abstract: A analyte species separation system including a fluid flow field disposed between confining surfaces, the flow field having a first flow component flowing in a first direction and a second flow component flowing in a second, transverse, direction, and an electric field configured to cause analyte species to move in the separation flow field at least in a direction opposite to the first flow component, a analyte injection channel in fluid communication with the flow field and an analyte separation target channel or otherwise a collector in fluid communication with the flow field, the system configure so that an analyte species in an analyte sample injected into the flow field traverses at least a portion of the flow field toward the collector target channel with said second flow component, enabling analyte species separation parallel to the first direction and movement in the second direction so that analyte species having mobilities outside a selected mobility range do not enter the target channel and/or an a

Abstract: A compound capillary can provide different sizes and configurations for central and outer passages to suit a variety of process applications, in particular methods of separative transport of multi-component samples and precise heat control of fluid streams on a micro scale. The compound capillary can be formed from ductile glass material into an assembly that typically provides a central passageway for retaining one fluid or material and single or multiple outer passages for retaining different fluids or materials. One or more of the different passages may also retain one more different stationary phase to tailor the separative transport to the material of particular sample streams. The compound capillary has particular application to the field of capillary electrophoresis where the multiple capillary passages in a single capillary tube may be used to increase sample through, or used for different function such as cooling and/or the establishment of transverse electrical potentials.

Abstract: A multi-passage capillary arrangement can be formed from ductile glass material into an assembly that has an essentially round outer cross section and multiple capillary passages with diameters of 250 micrometers or less. The multiple capillary assembly provides multiple capillary sized passages of a regularly recurring shape in a single cohesive bundle. The round outer cross section facilitates the use of the multiple capillary by providing a suitable surface for connections. The multiple capillary arrangement can be made by a method that provides uniform or nearly uniform capillary passages throughout the arrangement. The capillaries are useful for chromatograph applications and as flow restrictors.

Abstract: The present invention uses a flow restrictor to provide a capillary size opening that minimizes any discharge of toxic gases from compressed gas cylinders in the unlikely event of the control valve or regulator failure. The use of this arrangement to provide a flow restriction in combination with a regulator in the form of a dispensing check valve provides a virtually fail safe system for preventing hazardous discharge of fluid from a pressurized cylinder or tank. A capillary tube or other structure can provide capillary size openings that minimizes any discharge of gas in the unlikely event of a failure of the regulator. Location of the inlet to the capillary tube at the midpoint of the cylinder can also prevent the discharge of liquid from the cylinder if the control valve system fails. Limiting the accidental discharge of fluid from the cylinder to gas phase fluids greatly reduces the uncontrolled mass flow rate at which fluid can escape from the cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention uses a flow restrictor in the form of a tube containing multiple capillary sized passages to minimize any discharge of toxic gases from compressed gas cylinders in the unlikely event of the control valve or regulator failure. The use of this arrangement to provide a flow restriction in combination with a regulator in the form of dispensing check valve provides a virtually fail safe system for preventing hazardous discharge of fluid from a pressurized cylinder or tank. The multiple capillary passage structure provides carefully sized openings that minimize any discharge of gas. Location of the inlet to the capillary tube at the midpoint of the cylinder can also prevent the discharge of liquid from the cylinder if the control valve system fails. Limiting the accidental discharge of fluid from the cylinder to gas phase fluids greatly reduces the uncontrolled mass flow rate at which fluid can escape from the cylinder.

Abstract: A displaceable purifier body improves the delivery of high purity gases from gas tanks or cylinders by providing a large flow area for filling the cylinder or tank with gas while preventing contamination of gases during the filling procedure and by automatically engaging the purifier for purification when withdrawing gas from the tank or cylinder. The purifier body or a separate seal body has an arrangement for reciprocal movement between a filling position wherein the gas entering the cylinder by-passes the purifier body and an engaged position wherein the purifier body moves towards the cylinder head assembly to prevent by-passing of exiting gases around the purifier. This arrangement offers little restriction to gas flow entering the cylinder and allows rapid filling of cylinders to make gas delivery more economical.

Abstract: The present invention uses a regulator in the form of dispensing check valve and a flow restriction arrangement to provide a virtually fail safe system for preventing hazardous discharge of fluid from a pressurized cylinder or tank. A diaphragm controls the movement of a check valve element to prevent discharge of gas from a tank unless a predetermined vacuum condition exists downstream of the check valve. A capillary tube or other structure that provides capillary size opening minimizes any discharge of gas in the unlikely event of a failure of the regulator. This system is particularly useful in the delivery of arsine gas and provides multiple safeguards against accidental discharge.

Abstract: A very long sample cell for spectrophotometric measurements can be used to extend sensitivity to very low levels of gaseous components, under about 50 parts per billion. The cell is an optical fiber positioned within the annular space of a housing, with a gas stream flowing along the annular space. The outer surface of the fiber is coated with a material, e.g., an adsorbent which concentrates at least one component of the gas stream at the interface of the fiber and annular space. An indispensable prerequisite is that the coating have a refractive index greater than that of the optical fiber core. Radiation is propagated along the core of the fiber, and the evanescent wave passes through the adsorbed component, ultimately changing the radiation detected at the output end of the fiber according to the nature and concentration of the component.

Abstract: A process of controlling the blending of components to produce a product composition at a target value for least one characteristic has been developed. The process involves varying the proportion of the components, determining with each variation the change in the value of a characteristic using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, adjusting the proportion of those components to afford a new composition where the value of the characteristic is numerically closer to the target value, and repeating the steps until the target value of the characteristic is achieved. The process further includes determining blending factors to be used in existing blending equations.

Abstract: A connector for joining small diameter fused silica tubing or fibers to similar or dissimilar materials that use an included taper angle of from 20.degree. to 40.degree. on a conical tapered section of a fused silica body to provide a reliable high temperature connection. The taper angle provides a compressive loading on the fused silica. The connection avoids tensile loads on the small diameter section of the fused silica. The tensile loads can cause cracking of the silica. The connection is lightweight and provides a tight seal at temperatures of 600.degree. C. or more. This connector is particularly suited for connecting capillary tubing to metallic tubing at high temperatures.

Abstract: A new type of tubular assembly especially adaptable to capillary columns for use in gas chromatography, comprises a capillary wound on and fused to a hollow mandrel and stress relieved by heating. The entire assembly is rigid and is more resistant to fractures than prior available columns. Variants include rigid assemblies integral with heating means. Solid, brittle stationary phases can be readily accommodated in these assemblies because of their rigidity and structural strength.

Abstract: A process of controlling the blending of components to produce a product composition at a target value for least one characteristic has been developed. The process involves varying the proportion of the components, determining with each variation the change in the value of a characteristic, adjusting the proportion of those components to afford a new composition where the value of the characteristic is numerically closer to the target value, and repeating the steps until the target value of the characteristic is achieved. The process further includes determining blending factors to be used in existing blending equations.