Abstract: Methods of fabricating solar cell emitter regions using substrate-level ion implantation, and resulting solar cells, are described. In an example, a method of fabricating a solar cell involves forming a lightly doped region in a semiconductor substrate by ion implantation, the lightly doped region of a first conductivity type of a first concentration. The method also involves forming a first plurality of dopant regions of the first conductivity type of a second, higher, concentration by ion implantation, the first plurality of dopant regions overlapping with a first portion of the lightly doped region. The method also involves forming a second plurality of dopant regions by ion implantation, the second plurality of dopant regions having a second conductivity type of a concentration higher than the first concentration, and the second plurality of dopant regions overlapping with a second portion of the lightly doped region and alternating with but not overlapping the first plurality of dopant regions.

Abstract: A glycated hemoglobin assay utilizes a simple procedure for the determination of standardized %GHb in whole blood samples correlated to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). First, a lysed whole blood sample is incubated with a solid phase that is coupled with boronic acid or similar boronate compound through covalent linkage chemistries known in the art. Next, a labeled antibody to human hemoglobin is added and the resulting signal is directly proportional to the %GHb in the sample. The advantages of measuring %GHb using a single determination include high precision and, since the assay is easily automatable, high throughput. With automation, this assay can also be consolidated with other testing on one analyzer. The method according to the various embodiments of the invention thus eliminates the need for two measurements: one for GHb and another for total hemoglobin (THb).

Abstract: A glycated hemoglobin assay utilizes a simple procedure for the determination of standardized %GHb in whole blood samples correlated to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). First, a lysed whole blood sample is incubated with a solid phase that is coupled with boronic acid or similar boronate compound through covalent linkage chemistries known in the art. Next, a labeled antibody to human hemoglobin is added and the resulting signal is directly proportional to the %GHb in the sample. The advantages of measuring %GHb using a single determination include high precision and, since the assay is easily automatable, high throughput. With automation, this assay can also be consolidated with other testing on one analyzer. The method according to the various embodiments of the invention thus eliminates the need for two measurements: one for GHb and another for total hemoglobin (THb).