Abstract: A method for balancing cells or groups of cells connected in parallel and in series for a battery pack by providing a continuously balanced state of charge while in a discharge phase, a charge phase, a quiescent phase, a storage phase, or combinations of these phases.

Abstract: A battery pack control module for balancing a plurality of cells or groups of cells connected in series includes a controller assembly, a disconnect circuit, a pack sensing circuit, a balancing circuit, and computer instructions for instructing the controller assembly to control the disconnect circuit and the balancing circuit. The disconnect circuit engages the controller assembly and a plurality of cells or groups of cells connected in series. The pack sensing circuit connects to the controller assembly and the plurality of cells or groups of cells connected in series. The balancing circuit connects between the plurality of cells or groups of cells connected in series, and engages the controller assembly. The plurality of cells or groups of cells connected in series is balanced when the battery pack control module operates in a charging phase, a discharging phase, a quiescent phase, or a storage phase.

Abstract: A method for extending the power duration of lithium ion cells or groups of lithium ion cells connected in parallel and in series by providing a continuously balanced state of charge while in a discharge phase, a charge phase, a quiescent phase, a storage phase, or combinations of these phases.

Abstract: A safety device for lithium ion cells or groups of lithium ion cells connected in parallel and in series by providing a continuously balanced state of charge while in a discharge phase, a charge phase, a quiescent phase, a storage phase, or combinations of these phases.