Abstract: The invention discloses a process for treating black liquor comprising pyrolyzing black liquor in a fluidized bed reactor to obtain solid particles and pyrolyzed black liquor gas, heating the solid mass, returning the heated solid mass to the fluidized bed reactor for use in the pyrolysis reaction; condensing the pyrolyzed black liquor gas to obtain a condensate and recover heat and a residual gas released during condensation for heating the solid mass to a predetermined temperature for that is required for the pyrolysis.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for treating black liquor comprising pyrolysing black liquor in a fluidized bed reactor to obtain solid particles and pyrolysed black liquor gas, heating the solid mass, returning the heated solid mass to the fluidized bed reactor for use in the pyrolysis reaction; condensing the pyrolysed black liquor gas to obtain a condensate and recover heat and a residual gas released during condensation for heating the solid mass to a predetermined temperature for that is required for the pyrolysis.

Abstract: An electroless plating Ru bath for the deposition of Ru on the surface of a substrate comprises a Ru stock solution and hydrazine as a reducing reagent. Ru layers may be applied, for example, for use in membranes for the separation of hydrogen gas from mixtures of gases or to protect materials from corrosion. An example Ru stock solution comprises Ru chloride, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, nitrite salt, alkali hydroxide, and deionized water. The electroless plating bath may be applied to deposit ruthenium layers onto palladium layers to prepare Pd—Ru composite or alloy membranes or multilayer Pd—Ru composite or alloy membranes. Such membranes have example application to the separation of hydrogen from mixtures of gases.

Abstract: A reactor configuration for fluidized bed reactors in which large exposed fixed surface area per unit reactor volume is required. The configuration uses a serpentine or hairpin bend arrangement of continuously connected and communicating thin channels, with the containing surfaces of these channels being vertical. This configuration enables uniform fluidization of particles throughout the cross-sectional area of the reactor and facilitates dispersal of membrane surfaces, heat transfer surface and baffles in gas-solid fluidized bed reactors.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel fluidized bed membrane reactor for autothermal operations. More particularly, this invention pertains to a unique fluidized bed membrane reactor which includes internal catalyst solids circulation for conveying heat between a reforming zone and an oxidation zone.

Abstract: An integrated process for treating alkaline wash water effluent from nitroaromatic manufacture, principally containing nitro-hydroxy-aromatic compounds is described. The integrated process concentrates the alkaline wash water to recover chemicals and water prior to treating the concentrate through supercritical water oxidation. The supercritical water oxidation step consists of treating the concentrate in the presence of an oxygen source at conditions, which are supercritical for water to cause a substantial portion of the organic component of the concentrate to oxidize. The product effluent includes a gaseous component and a clean water component, and in the event that insoluble ash is formed, an ash component. The new integrated process results in reduced chemical and water consumption compared to existing processes. In addition, the treated wash water effluent can be recycled to process or directly discharged.