Abstract: A mirror constrained to translation and whose position is controlled by a piezoelectric ceramic operating as a bimorph.

Abstract: A ring laser wherein, in the preferred embodiment, the laser path is substantially square, and the path length is adjustable by making at least one of the mirrors slightly tilted and one of the mirrors concave with at least the concave mirror translatable.

Abstract: In a differential laser gyro system including a ring laser in the form of a figure eight incorporated in a solid block, optical readout is accomplished by mounting the readout optics to the block in a manner similar to that employed for the laser optics. The laser optics comprises four mirrors mounted on the outer face of the block, with diagonally opposite faces being parallel. A modulator having plane parallel end faces is incorporated in the laser optical system, and oriented so that readout reflections therefrom occur in a plane at a slight angle to the lasing plane. Readout beam director prisms are positioned on the outer faces of the block adjacent to the laser optic system mirrors, and direct the readout reflections to a beam splitter and then to optical detectors as in conventional readout optical systems. Alignment of the readout system is enhanced by virtue of the fact that both angular and linear adjustments can be made by rotating or translating the readout optics.