Abstract: A process for improving the dry strength of the paper by applying a dry-strength enhancing composition to pulp during a paper-making process, said dry-strength enhancing composition comprising a solution comprising an acid mixed with at least one metal ion wherein the metal ion is generally provided as a metal sulfate or a solubilized sulfate to form a mixture (I), wherein the mixture generates an exothermic reaction to form a mixture (II) and wherein the mixture is cooled to form the dry-strength enhancing composition.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating the retina of an eye. The apparatus includes an illumination device and a lens system. The illumination device and the lens system combine to provide incident illumination from an apparent point source located within the lens system. The apparatus also includes an illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device has two foci and the apparent point source of the lens system is provided at a first focus point of the illumination transfer device and an eye is accommodated at a second focus point of the illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device transfers the incident illumination from the apparent point source into the eye to illuminate the retina.

Abstract: A process for making an anti-intoxication food supplement composition, said process comprising the steps of combining sulfuric acid with water, such that the volume ratio of sulfuric acid to distilled water lies in the range 1:1 to 1:5, and with a sulfate salt at a ratio of 10-40% volume, forming a first mixture, combining the first mixture in a vessel at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, allowing an exothermic reaction to heat up the mixture forming a reacted first mixture, cooling the reacted first mixture, adding a compound containing metal ions to the reacted first mixture, to form a second mixture, diluting the second mixture with water and adding at least one sweetener, flavoring agent, micro nutrient, macro nutrient, or food additive such as a vitamin to provide an anti-intoxication food supplement composition.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating the retina of an eye. The apparatus includes an illumination device and a lens system. The illumination device and the lens system combine to provide incident illumination from an apparent point source located within the lens system. The apparatus also includes an illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device has two foci and the apparent point source of the lens system is provided at a first focus point of the illumination transfer device and an eye is accommodated at a second focus point of the illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device transfers the incident illumination from the apparent point source into the eye to illuminate the retina.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating the retina of an eye. The apparatus includes an illumination device and a lens system. The illumination device and the lens system combine to provide incident illumination from an apparent point source located within the lens system. The apparatus also includes an illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device has two foci and the apparent point source of the lens system is provided at a first focus point of the illumination transfer device and an eye is accommodated at a second focus point of the illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device transfers the incident illumination from the apparent point source into the eye to illuminate the retina.

Abstract: A food integrity probe design comprising two illumination fiber rings, allowing for two different simultaneous measurements wherein the inner illumination ring generates a surface reflectance signal on the central detection fibers and the outer illumination ring allows for an additional interactance measurement, probing deeper into the sample than the surface reflectance alone while partially eliminating specular reflection, which reduces the signal quality, through the addition of a ring-shaped diffusor onto the inner illumination ring is disclosed.

Abstract: A system for detection of low concentration of explosives via Raman spectroscopy is disclosed that is more specifically a Raman detection substrate having a surface-enhancement effect by using roughened glass (or “frosted” glass) with a gold/silver nanosponge alloy sputter-deposited onto it under increased pressure resulting in a nano-porous structure to hold the analyte.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating the retina of an eye. The apparatus includes an illumination device and a lens system. The illumination device and the lens system combine to provide incident illumination from an apparent point source located within the lens system. The apparatus also includes an illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device has two foci and the apparent point source of the lens system is provided at a first focus point of the illumination transfer device and an eye is accommodated at a second focus point of the illumination transfer device. The illumination transfer device transfers the incident illumination from the apparent point source into the eye to illuminate the retina.

Abstract: Methods of using a non-irritant, low pH acidic composition to destroy undesirable microorganisms are described. The methods may be used on food products, food processing equipment, and in aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating the retina of an eye. The apparatus comprising an illumination device, a lens system, wherein the illumination device and the lens system combine to provide incident illumination from an apparent point source located within the lens system. The apparatus further comprising an illumination transfer device, wherein the illumination transfer device has two foci and the apparent point source of the lens system is provided at a first focus point of the illumination transfer device and an eye is accommodated at a second focus point of the illumination transfer device, and wherein the illumination transfer device transfers the incident illumination from the apparent point source into the eye to illuminate the retina.

Abstract: Methods of using a non-irritant, low pH acidic composition to destroy undesirable microorganisms are described. The methods may be used on food products, food processing equipment, and in aqueous solutions.

Abstract: An antimicrobial, anti-bacterial processing aid, food additive and food ingredient is provided to inhibit cellular growth of known pathogenic, indicator and spoilage organisms, such as salmonella, stahphylococcus, listeria, e coli, and the like. The antimicrobial agent of the present invention is useful as a treatment for animal feed, a treatment for pre-harvest and post-harvest processing of foodstuffs, a treatment for cooked food subject to airborne contaminants and many other conditions in need of disinfectants and sanitizers. One of the primary benefits of the antimicrobial agent is that it inhibits the growth of bacteria that have become antibiotic resistant.

Abstract: A topical skin care composition is provided to improve skin texture, diminish fine lines and wrinkles and decrease the appearance of hyper-pigmented areas. In addition, another embodiment of the skin care composition can be used to treat burns, insect bites and diminish the pain and scarring caused by such injuries.

Abstract: An oral care composition and method of using are provided for treating and preventing malodors or disease conditions of the oral cavity in warm-blooded animals, including humans. When applying an oral care effective amount of the oral care composition of the present invention to the mucosal tissue of the oral cavity, the gingival tissues of the oral cavity, and/or surface of the teeth. The application can be as a liquid for bathing, rinsing or gargling, or lather generated by brushing the teeth for a sufficient time. After rinsing, gargling or brushing, the composition of the present invention should be swallowed to achieve effective reduction of various organisms, diseases and malodors. An oral care effective amount can also prevent and heal mouth sores and canker sores.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the wavelength of light emitted by, for example, a laser, includes three photodiodes. One photodiode receives a proportion of the light redirected from the main optical path by a beam splitter. A second photodiode receives a proportion of the light redirected from the main optical path by the beam splitter and passing through a broadband filter. A third photodiode receives light that has been caused to interfere by an interferometric device. The ratio of the light intensities at the first and second photodiodes provide a coarse determination of wavelength, when compared to a lookup table, and the ratio of the light intensities at the first and third photodiodes provide a more exact determination of the wavelength.

Abstract: A composition of matter with antimicrobial and antibacterial properties for treatment of water, wastewater, processed food and for use as a food additive is provided. The antimicrobial composition inhibits cellular growth of known pathogenic, indicator and spoilage organisms, such as salmonella, stahphylococcus, listeria, E-coli, aerobic and anerobic organisms in wastewater and the like. The antimicrobial composition of the present invention is useful in many situations and conditions in need of disinfectants and sanitizers. One of the primary benefits of the antimicrobial agent is that it inhibits the growth of bacteria that have become antibiotic resistant. In addition, the antimicrobial composition herein does not have any known toxicity to man or the environment.

Abstract: An anti-intoxication composition and method of making and using are provided for treating and preventing drinker's remorse and other toxic effects of excessive alcohol consumption by humans. The anti-intoxication composition is an acidic mixture containing sweeteners, flavoring agents, food additives and a processed mixture of metallic salts, sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate and water. When the anti-intoxication composition is ingested, it promotes the beneficial metabolism of alcohol, primarily ethanol, in the body. The beneficial metabolism results in the conversion of alcohol to amino acids and eliminates the toxic reactions of a hangover, including, but not limited to, a pounding headache, nausea, dry mouth, shaking hands, hypersensitivity to bright lights and sounds.

Abstract: An antimicrobial, anti-bacterial processing aid, food additive and food ingredient is provided to inhibit cellular growth of known pathogenic, indicator and spoilage organisms, such as salmonella, stahphylococcus, listeria, e coli, and the like. The antimicrobial agent of the present invention is useful as a treatment for animal feed, a treatment for pre-harvest and post-harvest processing of foodstuffs, a treatment for cooked food subject to airborne contaminants and many other conditions in need of disinfectants and sanitizers. One of the primary benefits of the antimicrobial agent is that it inhibits the growth of bacteria that have become antibiotic resistant.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the wavelength of light emitted by, for example, a laser (10), includes three photodiodes (17, 18, 30). One photodiode (17) receives a proportion of the light redirected from the main optical path (16) by a beam splitter (13). A second photodiode (18) receives a proportion of the light redirected from the main optical path (16) by the beam splitter (13) and passing through a broadband filter (21). A third photodiode (30) receives light that has been caused to interfere by an interferometric device (23). The interferometric device (23) is formed of a block having partially reflective surfaces so that part of the light is reflected internally within the block and exits at the same place as it entered so as to interfere with light that was externally reflected by the block at that place.