Abstract: A pain management system and methodology for preventing or alleviating chronic pain, and/or pain associated with a medical procedure prior to the medical procedure being performed, includes (a) aurally isolating a patient for a chosen period shortly prior to the patient receiving propofol in accordance with step (c), (b) exposing the patient to a repetitive, positive message during the chosen period, and (c) subsequently administering an effective quantity of propofol to the patient. For step (b), the repetitive, positive message may be delivered from a pre-recorded memory card inserted in headphones.

Abstract: The present invention is a sleeve to be worn over a soccer shoe, with indicia in two distinct regions of an instep, indicia on an outstep, and indicia on a top region constructed and arranged for teaching soccer skills and a method of using the sleeve to teach soccer.

Abstract: A shut-off valve for preventing the flow of liquid through a conduit is described herein. The valve includes a valve body which defines a fluid passage, a portion of which can be venturi-shaped. The valve also includes a flow barrier which has a dimension sufficient to block fluid flow through the passage. The flow barrier is movable between an open position which allows fluid flow through the passage, and a closed position which prevents such flow. A target for detecting liquid flow is pivotally attached to the flow barrier, and is exposed to liquid flow and gas flow when the flow barrier is in the open position. When liquid flow hits the target, it swings away from the direction of flow, thereby pivoting the flow barrier to the closed position. Related methods for preventing the flow of liquid through a conduit are also described.