Abstract: A muzzle brake has a rear end, a front end and a central axis. The muzzle brake includes a plurality of axially spaced turning vanes; each turning vane having an inside diameter that is substantially equal to or greater than an inside diameter of a rearmost turning vane, at least one turning vane having an inside diameter that is greater than the inside diameter of the rearmost turning vane; and each turning vane having a thickness that is substantially equal to or greater than a thickness of the rearmost turning vane.

Abstract: A supersonic turning vane includes a suction side and a pressure side; the suction side including an expansion turning wall wherein the expansion turning wall creates an expansion fan that projects into the supersonic flow passage to turn supersonic flow into the turning vane; the pressure side comprising a large radius curved surface, the pressure side and the suction side converging to form a throat wherein a shock is formed upstream of the throat, the shock decelerating the supersonic flow to subsonic conditions and the pressure side turning the subsonic flow; the suction side including an outer nozzle expansion wall downstream of the throat, the outer nozzle expansion wall diverging from the pressure side to form an expansion nozzle that expands the subsonic flow to supersonic conditions.