Abstract: An access control system includes a tag carried by a user which communicates over a short range wireless link to door lock controller to provide to the controller a security access code and actuate door release means. In the event the correct access code is not known by the tag, the tag communicates with access code repository and requests a valid access code. When requesting the valid access code, the tag also communicates to the repository an identity provided by the door release means and an identity of the tag itself. A decision may then be taken whether to provide the tag with a valid access code for that particular door release means. The door release means may provide the tag with a telephone number to call when making the request to the repository.

Abstract: A method of mounting an elongate piezoelectric element on a laminated printed wiring board by forcing said element into the board at an angle normal to the surface of the board and at a point where the element can contact a conductor line on the board. Piezoelectric elements made of ferroelectric ceramic materials are suitable especially when mounted on a printed circuit board composed of copper-clad phenol formaldehyde laminated plastic.