Abstract: An animal dentistry apparatus is provided and comprises a jaw assembly. The jaw assembly comprises a lower jaw and an upper jaw, and is configured such that the lower jaw and the upper jaw can move apart and together in a mastication action. The upper and lower jaw comprise at least one tooth. The apparatus further comprises a means, such as a motor, to effect the mastication action. The animal dentistry apparatus may be used to assess a chewable product, and such methods are also provided.

Abstract: An animal dentistry apparatus is provided and comprises a jaw assembly. The jaw assembly comprises a lower jaw and an upper jaw, and is configured such that the lower jaw and the upper jaw can move apart and together in a mastication action. The upper and lower jaw comprise at least one tooth. The apparatus further comprises a means, such as a motor, to effect the mastication action. The animal dentistry apparatus may be used to assess a chewable product, and such methods are also provided.

Abstract: An edible animal chew is provided. The animal chew comprises a starch content of 50 to 75 wt %, a humectant content of 5 to 20 wt % relative to the total weight of the chew; and a density of from 0.4 g cm?3 to 1.0 g cm?3.

Abstract: A method and system, for transmitting data to a mobile node (4) over a unidirectional link (12) in a packet data network, for example an IP network, comprises: sending a message from a protocol address, e.g. IP address, of a bidirectional interface at the mobile node (4) to the home agent (6), the message comprising a protocol address of a unidirectional interface at the mobile node (4), wherein the protocol address of the bidirectional interface is different to the protocol address of the unidirectional interface; the home agent (6) transmitting data to the mobile node (4) using the protocol address of the unidirectional interface as the care-of-address; and delivering the transmitted data via the unidirectional link (12) to the unidirectional interface of the mobile node (4). The protocol address of the unidirectional interface may be contained in the message in the form of an extension appended to a registration.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for providing an Internet Protocol multicast service wherein multicast data is transmitted through multicast routers (8) to user stations (9) over a digital broadcast channel (especially DVB-T) together with digital broadcast signals, at least if a request has been received from a user station (9) for the multicast data,. The transmission of the multicast data by a multicast router is conditional upon the reception of a request for said multicast data from that multicast router by a plurality of the user stations (9). The number of requests from the user stations (9) has to be greater than a threshold number, which is a function of the available bandwidth for multicast transmission over the broadcast channel. Information concerning the requests for the multicast data by the user stations (9) is unavailable to the other user stations (9).