Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a multi-pole charged particle transmission device having rods spaced apart radially about a central axis extending from a particle inlet at one end of the device to a particle outlet at an opposite end. An AC voltage source is controlled to apply an AC voltage having a frequency, a peak amplitude, and a waveform shape to the charged particle transmission device, and a set of charged particles is passed through the device under such conditions. The AC voltage source is then controlled to change at least one of the frequency, peak amplitude or shape of the AC, and another set of the charged particles is then passed through the charged particle transmission device under such conditions.

Abstract: A shampoo composition comprising i) 0.9 to 2 wt % of an alkali metal salt of an aldonic acid, which is sodium gluconate; ii) 0.1 to 2 wt %, citric acid by weight of the total composition; and iii) an anionic surfactant; iv) a preservative, which is sodium benzoate; and wherein the composition has a pH of from 3 to 5, provides repair to damaged internal protein of hair.

Abstract: A method of measuring a wet friction of a bundle of hair, using a system which includes a friction probe having a contact surface and fitted with a weight in the range of from 10 g to 500 g, inclusive, a means for securing the bundle of hair, and a water bath, the friction probe being connected to a texture analyser, the method including the step of i) providing a bundle of hair fibres. The method also includes the steps of ii) aligning the bundle of hair fibres; iii) securing the bundle of hair fibres; iv) immersing the bundle of hair fibres under water in the water bath; v) contacting the bundle of hair fibres with the contact surface of the friction probe, which is fitted with the weight; vi) moving the probe along the hair fibres; and vii) recording the friction generated under step vi).

Abstract: A continuous process for low temperature reduction of metal oxides from carbonaceous material, using in situ produced reducing gas. In particular, a method of reducing metal oxide to metal in a continuous process comprising: (a) continuously introducing composite bodies comprising low rank carbonaceous material and metal oxide containing material that are in intimate contact and in a dry mix ratio of from about 1:2 to about 1:10 to an upper region of an upright retort; (b) conveying said bodies from said upper region to a heated lower region of said retort wherein said composite bodies are exposed to increasing temperature of up to about 950° C.

Abstract: The disclosure identifies an apparatus, system of and method for using an interchangeable fluid jet tool, the tool in at least one embodiment being a waterjet tool device that may be interchangeably integrated with a machine having any form of reciprocating or rotating pump (which may be used as a coolant or cutting fluid pump), and coupled with a motor powered rotatory drive machine, such as a spindle, having any type of tool interchange attachment and tool holders (some industry examples being CAT Taper, HSK, BT, R8, Jacobs, or other type, including specific configurations to attach to heavy mobile construction or demolition equipment for the purposes of mining, cutting stone blocks, slabs, and other shapes, or boring tunnels or passages, in stone or other hard compacted material).

Abstract: i) an alkali metal salt of an aldonic acid; ii) 0.1 to 5 wt %, citric acid by weight of the total composition; and iii) a surfactant; wherein the composition has a pH of from 3 to 5, provides repair to damaged internal protein of hair.

Abstract: A hair treatment composition comprising: a) a conditioning base comprising: i) a cationic conditioning surfactant having from 16 to 32 carbon atoms; ii) a fatty alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and b) from 0.1 to 10 wt % of metal pyrithiones and mixtures thereof; wherein the composition further comprises: (c) from 0.1 to 5 wt % of a diesterquat; and wherein the ratio of b) to c) is from 1:1 to 1:0.1, provides improved deposition of metal pyrithione on hair surfaces.

Abstract: A clamp and manifold apparatus comprising internal fluid-flow passages and such apparatus in a system. One embodiment of the apparatus of the invention comprises a clamp body; a manifold, an attachment feature for attaching to a fixture system; a clamping surface; at least one fluid flow passage inside the manifold having at least two endpoints; a first port disposed adjacent to the manifold and in fluid communication with one endpoint of the at least one fluid flow passage inside the manifold; and, a second port disposed adjacent to a second surface of the manifold in fluid communication with the second endpoint of the at least one fluid flow passage inside the body. An embodiment of the system of the invention comprises said clamp and manifold; a fixture; a fluid distribution pump; and fluid routing means connecting the fluid distribution pump and the first port of the apparatus of the system.

Abstract: A clamp and manifold apparatus comprising internal fluid-flow passages and such apparatus in a system. One embodiment of the apparatus of the invention comprises a clamp body; a manifold, an attachment feature for attaching to a fixture system; a clamping surface; at least one fluid flow passage inside the manifold having at least two endpoints; a first port disposed adjacent to the manifold and in fluid communication with one endpoint of the at least one fluid flow passage inside the manifold; and, a second port disposed adjacent to a second surface of the manifold in fluid communication with the second endpoint of the at least one fluid flow passage inside the body. An embodiment of the system of the invention comprises said clamp and manifold; a fixture; a fluid distribution pump; and fluid routing means connecting the fluid distribution pump and the first port of the apparatus of the system.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (i) 0.01 to 10 wt % of a linear, cationic conditioning surfactant; (ii) 0.1 to 10 wt % of a linear fatty material; (iii) a particulate benefit agent; (iv) 0.

Abstract: A hair treatment composition comprising: a) a conditioning base comprising: i) a cationic conditioning surfactant having from 16 to 32 carbon atoms; ii) a fatty alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and b) from 0.1 to 10 wt % of a microcapsule in which a core comprising benefit agent is encapsulated in a polymeric shell; and (c) from 0.1 to 5 wt % of a diesterquat, provides improved deposition of microcapsules and delivery of benefit agent to hair surfaces.

Abstract: A hair treatment composition comprising: a) a conditioning base comprising: i) a cationic conditioning surfactant having from 16 to 32 carbon atoms; ii) a fatty alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and b) from 0.1 to 10 wt % of a conditioning silicone; (c) from 0.1 to 5 wt % of a diesterquat selected from a diesterquat that comprises branched, saturated chains, a diesterquat that comprises unbranched, unsaturated chains, and mixtures thereof; wherein the ratio of b) to c) is from 1:1 to 1:0.1, provides improved deposition of silicone on hair surfaces.

Abstract: The spherical cutting tool and method of using the same are centered in the novel integration of a sphere cutter, with a roller burnisher tool, which may be adjustable, and may further be contained in a system comprising several additional components such as an indexer and a lathe, mill, or custom machine. The tool of the invention may further comprise a drill, end mill, reamer, or other similar cutting tool on one end, with the sphere cutter and roller burnisher. The method of the invention is comprised of steps for using the tool and system of the invention in a novel way, including steps for manipulating and actuating the novel spherical cutting tool to engage the inner or outer surface(s) of a workpiece, using multiple cutting operations on a fixed or movable indexer, or machining using the tool, system, and methods of the invention.

Abstract: A system for the measurement of wet friction of a bundle of hair fibres includes a friction probe, a means for securing a bundle of hair fibres, and a water bath. The friction probe includes a contact surface. The friction probe is fitted with a weight in the range of from 10 g to 500 g, inclusive. The friction probe is connected to a texture analyser. The means and the friction probe are positioned in the water bath below a fill line. The contact surface of the friction probe comprises surfactant.

Abstract: A method of predicting rinse properties of a composition from a surface, comprising the steps of: I. providing a neat treatment composition; II. preparing a series of aqueous dilutions of the neat treatment composition; III. measuring the viscosities of the neat treatment composition and the aqueous dilutions of the treatment composition using a suitable method such as a Brookfield viscometer fitted with a T-B spindle and Helipath, at 0.5 rpm and 25° C.; IV. correlating the measured viscosities to the rinse properties of the neat treatment composition; and v. optionally correlating the rinse properties of the neat treatment composition to the amount of water used to rinse the neat composition from a surface.

Abstract: A system for the measurement of wet friction of a bundle of hair fibres, comprising: i) a friction probe, having a contact surface, said probe fitted with a weight in the range of from 10 to 500 g; ii) a means for securing the bundle of hair; and iii) a water bath; wherein the friction probe is connected to a texture analyser; and wherein the securing means and friction probe are positioned in the water bath below the fill line; and wherein, the contact surface of the friction probe comprises surfactant; and a method of measuring wet friction of hair, using the system.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a doped semiconductor crystal having a crystallographic surface having an amplitude modulation orientation, a first metal electrode located on a first surface of the doped semiconductor crystal, a second metal electrode located on a second surface of the doped semiconductor crystal, and accumulation space charge regions located within surface regions of the doped semiconductor crystal that are proximal to the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode and including excess charge carriers of a same type as majority charge carriers of the doped semiconductor crystal.

Abstract: A method of measuring a wet friction of a bundle of hair, using a system which includes a friction probe having a contact surface and fitted with a weight in the range of from 10 g to 500 g, inclusive, a means for securing the bundle of hair, and a water bath, the friction probe being connected to a texture analyser, the method including the step of i) providing a bundle of hair fibres. The method also includes the steps of ii) aligning the bundle of hair fibres; iii) securing the bundle of hair fibres; iv) immersing the bundle of hair fibres under water in the water bath; v) contacting the bundle of hair fibres with the contact surface of the friction probe, which is fitted with the weight vi) moving the probe along the hair fibres; and vii) recording the friction generated under step vi).

Abstract: A hair conditioning composition comprising a) a conditioning base comprising, by total weight of the hair conditioning composition, i) from 0.4 to 8 wt % of fatty alcohol having from 8 to 22 carbons, ii) from 0.1 to 2 wt % of cationic surfactant, b) a hydrophobically modified anionic polymer; and c) water, wherein the composition confers a Draw Mass of from 1 to 250 g to hair treated with the conditioning composition; a method of saving water during a rinse step in a hair conditioning process comprising the steps of applying to hair the hair treatment composition and rinsing the hair with water; and a use of a hydrophobically modified anionic polymer in the hair treatment composition, to save water during a hair conditioning process.