Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes molasses, and an inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a carbohydrate, a freezing point depressant and an anti-corrosion agent in the form of phytic acid and its salts.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes sugars, and an inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a carbohydrate, a freezing point depressant and an anti-corrosion agent in the form of phytic acid and its salts.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes molasses, and an inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes sugars, and an inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a carbohydrate, a freezing point depressant and an anti-corrosion agent in the form of phytic acid and its salts.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a low molecular weight carbohydrate, a inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt or acetate, and a thickener. The molecular weight of the carbohydrate is from about 180 to 500, with a preferred range of about 180 to 1000. In a further embodiment, amino acids and/or oligopeptides may replace or be used with the carbohydrate component.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a low molecular weight carbohydrate, an inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt or acetate, and a thickener. The molecular weight of the carbohydrate is from about 180 to 500, with a preferred range of about 180 to 1000.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a low molecular weight carbohydrate, a inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt, and a thickener. The molecular weight of the carbohydrate is from about 180 to 500, with a preferred range of about 180 to 1000.

Abstract: A vehicle supported for rolling movement on a track by a first set of wheels driven by an electric motor and a second unpowered set of wheels is provided with an improved braking system. The braking system includes a brake pedal which can be depressed to generate a brake demand signal, a regenerative braking system associated with the electric motor, and a friction braking system attached to the unpowered wheels. Control circuitry which regulates the operation of the two brake systems serves normally to actuate the regenerative braking system in response to the brake demand signal and to actuate the friction braking system only when the brake demand signal exceeds a predetermined level which corresponds normally to the maximum regenerative braking available. Under slippery rail conditions, a detector indicates slippage of the wheels relative to the rails during regenerative braking, and immediately actuates the friction braking system to produce additional braking in proportion to the brake demand signal.

Abstract: A memory suitable for use as a responder, comprising:(a) receiver means for receiving a transmitted signal S1;(b) generator means (76) for generating a carrier component of a transmittable signal S2;(c) logic means (L.sub.2) for enabling signal S2 to be in mathematical relationship with signal S1, said logic means comprising:(i) at least one memory means (60) for storing code;(ii) at least one modulation means (65) for modulating said carrier component of signal S2, the modulating being under control of at least a portion of said stored code, such that signal S2 is in coded mathematical relationship with signal S1; and(d) transmitter means (T.sub.2) for transmitting signal S2.

Abstract: An electrically operated device comprising a waterproof housing enclosing at least one dry galvanic battery cell and including gas discharge means in the housing in communication with the atmosphere exterior to the device for discharging evolved hydrogen gas from the battery cell such that the concentration of hydrogen gas within the housing interior is maintained below about 10% by volume.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is disclosed for improved coupling of audio signals in relation to the vehicle track of a transit system operative with steel rails and providing a reduced cost for the associated hardware and lower crosstalk with adjacent signal blocks and track rails.

Abstract: An improved train vehicle speed control system is provided for operation in conjunction with train speed control signals and train occupancy indication signals in relation to a train vehicle track system including a plurality of predetermined track circuit signal blocks through which train vehicles pass. It is desired that a control of train vehicle speed be provided in relation to the detected occupancy by a train vehicle of a particular signal block, for maintaining train vehicle occupancy protection requirements and providing desired sequential occupancy control of the train vehicles through each of successive signal blocks through operation of provided protection signals with selected signal blocks behind the detected train vehicle. Spurious pseudo vehicle occupancy in a given signal block is detected and included in the provided train speed control in relation to that given signal block.

Abstract: There is disclosed a train vehicle protection apparatus including the determination of train vehicle occupancy of a track circuit signal block, wherein a frequency tone speed code signal is provided to the signal block for controlling the train vehicle speed and a vital and fail-safe determination of train vehicle occupancy of the signal block is provided.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is disclosed for coupling audio frequency signals in relation to one or more vehicle track rails of a transit system for the purpose of determining vehicle occupancy of a given signal block and providing speed coded control signals to a vehicle moving along the track rail in that given signal block. It is desired that each signal block in the transit system track circuit operate with the signal level above a predetermined minimum signal level for reasons of vehicle occupational detection. The antenna apparatus is operative to enable desired adjustment of the signal level in a given signal block and in adjacent signal blocks relative to that given signal block.