Abstract: A license plate bracket includes a pair of resilient hooks for hooking the bracket to the grille of a vehicle. The hooks, in part, replace conventional hardware such as screws and bolts which are incompatible with the thin plastic ribs found on modern vehicle front grilles. The entire bracket, including the hooks, can be formed as a one-piece plastic molding.

Abstract: A vehicle bumper includes a hollow tubular wall structure adapted to span the front or rear end of an automotive vehicle so as to absorb crash forces when the vehicle is involved in a crash situation at vehicle speeds above some predetermined speed level, e.g., five miles per hour. The hollow tubular wall structure includes an outer wall disposed to receive the crash force, an inner wall connectable to the vehicle, and four connector walls joining the outer wall to the inner wall. The four connector walls bend at a controlled rate to absorb crash energy. The outer and inner walls have aligned air openings adapted to conduct ram air to the vehicle radiator.

Abstract: A one-piece blow molded bumper end cap is provided for use in combination with a vehicle bumper assembly. The bumper end cap functions as an end plug to enhance air flow into the engine compartment when used in combination with a flow-through bumper. The bumper end cap also includes structural features which improve the crashworthiness of the bumper system in lower speed corner impacts, as well as, higher speed frontal impacts.