Abstract: Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: wherein R1 is independently H or a C1 to C22 alkyl, R2 is H or C1 to C22 alkyl and R3 is D1—R4—D1 or R4—D1—R4 wherein R4 is independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, —C(O)—, —R5[O(EO)a(PO)b]—, —O—R5—O—, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D1 is independently —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —SO2—, —C(O)—, a polyether group [—O(EO)a(PO)b—], an amide group [—C(O)N(R6)—], an amino group [—N(R6)—], —O—R5—O—, or aryl.

Abstract: A novel class of anionic surfactants with improved surfact active properties is comprised of two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups represented by the formula: ##STR1## The surfactants exhibit unusually low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and pC-20 values in aqueous media.

Abstract: Blends of N-acyl aminoalkane sulfonates and amphoteric and/or anionic surfactants can be prepared by quenching a molten reaction mixture of an aminoalkane sulfonate amidated with a fatty acid with an aqueous solution comprising an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant.N--acyl aminoalkane sulfonates can be purified by quenching a molten reaction mixture in isopropanol.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a new, improved class of anionic gemini surfactants consisting of two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic moieties joined by a bridge that possess improved surfactant functionalities yet may be characterized as mild for use in personal care products and environmentally benign. These compounds may be represented by the general structural formula as follows: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of straight or branched chain C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl, aryl or hydrogen, and each R moiety can be the same or different; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are selected from the group comprising a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl with the further proviso that when either is a C.sub.6 it may exist as a cyclohexyl ring; R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are selected from the group consisting of straight or branched chain C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkyl or aryl with the further proviso that R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is independently H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.6 to C.sub.22 alkyl and R.sub.3 is D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 or R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 is independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D.sub.1 is independently --O--, an amide group ?--C(O)N(R.sub.6)--!, an amino group ?--N(R.sub.6)--!, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl. (EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b is a polyether group and Z is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or an alkylaryl or hydrogen wherein EO represents ethyleneoxy radicals, PO represents propyleneoxy radicals, a and b are numbers of from 0 to 100, a is preferably from about 0 to about 30 and b is preferably from about 0 to 10, wherein a plus b is at least one, and the EO and PO alkyl or alkylaryl.

Abstract: Mild and environmentally benign bis-alkylphenol alkoxylated gemini surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R independently represents alkali, R.sub.1 independently represents hydrogen EO represents ethyleneoxy radicals alkyl, R.sub.2 independently represents hydrogen, --SO.sub.3 M, --P(O) (OM).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 COOM, --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 HM, wherein M represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an organic base salt; R.sub.3 represents alkylene of from one to about 10 carbon atoms or --C(O)--R.sub.4 --C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 represents alkylene or aryl, and --O--R.sub.5 --O-- wherein R.sub.5 represents aliphatic or aromatic moieties with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is alkylene, then R.sub.2 is not hydrogen, and a and b are numbers ranging from one to about 100, with the proviso that when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, b is not zero.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of amphoteric surfactant having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe has been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The amphoteric surfactant of the subject invention have at least two hydrophobic moieties and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and solubilizing agents.

Abstract: Novel nonylphenol nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels and are characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are both either H or a C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl with the stipulation that they cannot both be H at the same time; and R.sub.2 is independently --COR.sub.3 CO--, --CH.sub.2 N(R.sub.4)CH.sub.2 --; CH.sub.2 N(R.sub.5)R.sub.6 (R.sub.5)NCH.sub.2 --, or R.sub.7 --D--R.sub.7 wherein R.sub.3 independently represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, branched alkyl or aryl; R.sub.4 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, hydroxy alkyl, haloalkyl or H, R.sub.5 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl or aryl and R.sub.6 independently represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl, R.sub.7 is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alkyl and D independently represents --S--, --SO-- and SO.sub.2 with the stipulation that R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: A surfactant composition comprising compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R(CO).sub.n -- and R.sub.1 (CO).sub.n can be the same or different and comprise a C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 alkyl, or alkyl aryl and R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkylene, arylene and the hydroxy-substituted derivatives thereof, a polyether (--O(R.sub.4 O).sub.x --) wherein R.sub.4 is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alkyl and x is a whole number of from 1 to about 100; --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --O--, --S--S--, --O--R.sub.5 --O-- or --S--R.sub.5 --S wherein R.sub.5 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl or alkyl aryl, --N(R.sub.6)-- or --(NR.sub.6) R.sub.7 (NR.sub.6)-- wherein R.sub.6 is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkyl and R.sub.7 is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkyl or aryl with the further stipulation that R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 may form a heterocyclic ring, X is O or NZ wherein Z is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or hydrogen, and Y and Y.sub.1 represents an alcohol-containing group having at least two and preferably more hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A novel class of nonionic gemini surfactants and methods for their preparation consist of compounds with three hydrophilic heads and two lipophilic tails of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene, aryl or alkylaryl, or hydrogen, with the proviso that both cannot be hydrogen; R.sub.2 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen, (Y) represents ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or hydrogen and may be the same or different; X represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.a -- wherein a is a whole number of from 1 to 5; --S--, --S--S--, --SO.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.a SO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.a --,--O--, --C.dbd.O, or --CH.sub.2 --NR--CH.sub.2 -- wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen and x, y, and z are whole numbers of from about 6 to about 300.

Abstract: A process for preparing blends or slurries of acyloxyalkane sulfonate salts is provided. The salts have the formula:R.sub.1 C(O)O(CH.sub.2).sub.n SO.sub.3 Ywherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having from about 6 to about 26 carbon atoms, n is an integer of from 2 to 4 and Y is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The blend also comprises an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant. The first step of the process comprises acylating an alkane sulfonic acid with a fatty acid at a temperature above about 180.degree. C. forming a molten reaction mass of acyloxyalkane sulfonate salts. In the next step, the molten reaction mass is quenched in an aqueous quench liquid comprising an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant. Finally, a blend comprising an acyloxyalkane sulfonate and an amphoteric and/or anionic surfactant is recovered.

Abstract: Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is independently H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl, R.sub.2 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl and R.sub.3 is D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 or R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 is independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, --C(O)--, --R.sub.5 ?O(EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b !--, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D.sub.1 is independently --O--, --S--, --S--S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --C(O)--, a polyether group ?--O(EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b --!, an amide group ?--C(O)N(R.sub.6)--!, an amino group ?--N(R.sub.6)--!, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl. (EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b is a polyether group and Z is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of amphoteric surfactants having improved surfactant properties charaterized as mild and environmentally benign has been provided comprising a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R independently represents a C.sub.5 to C.sub.22 alkyl or acyl (RCO--); R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sub.2 independently represents --O--; R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 alkylene, arylene, or alkylarylene and M is Na, K, NH.sub.4, an organic base, or hydrogen.In addition to the novel compounds per se, the invention also provides new methods for the preparation of the amphoteric gemini surfactants as well as improved synergistic compositions that are obtained when the amphoteric geminis are blended with other surfactants.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of surfactants having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe have been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The anionic surfactants of the invention have at least two hydrophobic chains and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers,detergents, dispersant and solubilizing agents.

Abstract: Mild and environmentally benign bis-alkylphenol alkoxylated gemini surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R independently represents alkyl, R.sub.1 independently represents hydrogen and alkyl, R.sub.2 independently represents hydrogen, --SO.sub.3 M, --P(O) (OM).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 COOM, --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 HM, wherein M represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an organic base salt; R.sub.3 represents alkylene of from one to about 10 carbon atoms or --C(O)--R.sub.4 --C(O)-- wherein R.sub.4 represents alkylene or aryl, and --O--R.sub.5 --O-- wherein R.sub.5 represents aliphatic or aromatic moieties with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is alkylene, then R.sub.2 is not hydrogen, and a and b are numbers ranging from zero to about 100, with the proviso that when R.sub.2 is hydrogen, b is not zero.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of amphoteric surfactant having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe has been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The amphoteric surfactant of the subject invention have at least two hydrophobic moieties and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and solubilizing agents.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of quaternary cationic surfactants having two imidazolinium groups have been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The surfactants of the subject invention have two hydrophobic moieties and two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as hair and fabric conditioners as well as biocidal agents.

Abstract: According to the invention, an improved class of anionic surfactants having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe have been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The anionic surfactants of the invention have at least two hydrophobic chains and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers, detergents, dispersant and solubilizing agents.