Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the cyclic dinucleotide c-di-GMP and cyclic dinucleotide analogues thereof in a method for attenuating virulence of a microbial pathogen or for inhibiting or reducing colonization by a microbial pathogen. This method further inhibits microbial biofilm formation and is capable of treating bacterial infections. The microbial colonization or biofilm formation inhibited or reduced may be on the skin or on nasal or mucosal surface. The microbial colonization or biofilm formation inhibited can also be on the surfaces of medical devices, especially those in close contact with the patient, as well on the surfaces of industrial and construction material where microbial colonization and biofilm formation is of concern.

Abstract: Cyclic di-GMP or cyclic dinucleotides thereof can be used to inhibit cancer cell proliferation or to increase cancer cell apoptosis in vitro as well as in vivo in a patient.

Abstract: Cycic di-GMP, or a cyclic dinucleotide analogue thereof that has the same effect as cyclic di-GMP, stimulates or enhances immune or inflammatory response in a patient or enhances the immune response to a vaccine by serving as an adjuvant.

Abstract: Cycic di-GMP, or a cyclic dinucleotide analogue thereof that has the same effect as cyclic di-GMP, stimulates or enhances immune or inflammatory response in a patient or enhances the immune response to a vaccine by serving as an adjuvant. Cyclic di-GMP, or a cyclic dinucleotide analogue thereof, also has neuroprotective properties for use as a neuroprotective agent to inhibit, treat, or ameliorate the effects of injuries, diseases, disorders or conditions that result in neurodegeneration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and diagnostic kit for directly detecting the presence of a specific species of mold/fungi in a sample, particularly a species which is toxic to humans or animals including pets and livestock. The method involves releasing any fungal DNA from the sample and subjecting it to PCR amplification without the need for purifying the DNA.