Abstract: A closed-loop hydraulic apparatus 200 for converting wave energy comprises a pump 201 for pumping a fluid through the apparatus 200. The pump 201 includes a body 202 defining a chamber 203, and a piston 207 that partitions the chamber 203 into a working side 208 and a blind side 209. A buoyant actuator is connected to the piston 207. An inlet 64 is connected to the working side 208 of the chamber 203 so that the fluid is able to flow from the inlet 64 and into the working side 208 of the chamber 203. An outlet 63 is connected to the working side 208 of the chamber 203 so that the fluid is able to flow from the working side 208 of the chamber 203 to the outlet 63. A hydraulic controller 102 is operable to control the pump 201 by controlling the pressure of the fluid at the inlet 64 and the outlet 63 so as to optimise the output of the pump 201 in response to tidal variations and/or sea state. The pressure of the fluid at the inlet 64 and the outlet 63 is controlled in accordance with a control algorithm.

Abstract: A closed-loop hydraulic apparatus 200 for converting wave energy comprises a pump 201 for pumping a fluid through the apparatus 200. The pump 201 includes a body 202 defining a chamber 203, and a piston 207 that partitions the chamber 203 into a working side 208 and a blind side 209. A buoyant actuator is connected to the piston 207. An inlet 64 is connected to the working side 208 of the chamber 203 so that the fluid is able to flow from the inlet 64 and into the working side 208 of the chamber 203. An outlet 63 is connected to the working side 208 of the chamber 203 so that the fluid is able to flow from the working side 208 of the chamber 203 to the outlet 63. A hydraulic controller 102 is operable to control the pump 201 by controlling the pressure of the fluid at the inlet 64 and the outlet 63 so as to optimise the output of the pump 201 in response to tidal variations and/or sea state. The pressure of the fluid at the inlet 64 and the outlet 63 is controlled in accordance with a control algorithm.

Abstract: A closed-loop hydraulic apparatus 200 for converting wave energy comprises a pump 201 for pumping a fluid through the apparatus 200. The pump 201 includes a body 202 defining a chamber 203, and a piston 207 that partitions the chamber 203 into a working side 208 and a blind side 209. A buoyant actuator is connected to the piston 207. An inlet 64 is connected to the working side 208 of the chamber 203 so that the fluid is able to flow from the inlet 64 and into the working side 208 of the chamber 203. An outlet 63 is connected to the working side 208 of the chamber 203 so that the fluid is able to flow from the working side 208 of the chamber 203 to the outlet 63. A hydraulic controller 102 is operable to control the pump 201 by controlling the pressure of the fluid at the inlet 64 and the outlet 63 so as to optimise the output of the pump 201 in response to tidal variations and/or sea state. The pressure of the fluid at the inlet 64 and the outlet 63 is controlled in accordance with a control algorithm.

Abstract: A buoyant actuator (10) is used in apparatus (11) for harnessing wave energy in a body of water such as the ocean. The buoyant actuator (10) is deployed within the body of water (12) and is responsive to wave motion in the body of water. The buoyant actuator (10) includes a body (101) incorporating a flow path along which water can flow, and a gate means (115) for controlling flow along the flow path. The gate (115) includes closure elements configured as flaps (221) providing a barrier (222) across the flow path through the body (101). Each flap (221) is moveable into and out of a condition in which it cooperates with the other flaps (221) to provide the barrier (222). A latch mechanism (231) is provided for releasably retaining each flap (221) in the condition providing the barrier (222). The latch mechanism (231) has a magnetic coupling.

Abstract: The invention provides a device (10) for identifying a person or an object. The device (10) includes a transparent body (42), and embedded within the transparent body (42), a printed circuit board (PCB) (46), a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) (48) electrically connected to the PCB (46), and a diffuser (16). The diffuser (16) is arranged to diffuse light emitted from the LEDs (48) thereby to illuminate the transparent body (42) to form a light source for identifying a person or an object attached to the device (10).

Abstract: A method of potentiating the phototoxicity of photodynamic therapy by co-administering a photosensitizing agent with a photodynamic potentiator from the group consisting of uridioxicolic acid analogs and conjugates thereof having the photo-toxicity potentiating effect and allowing for retention of the co-administered agent and acid in the target tissue. The target tissue is then irradiated. A tool for potentiating apoptosis consists of a photosensitizing agent and a non-toxic photodynamic potentiator. Further, a method of potentiating drug induced apoptosis is provided by administering a photosensitizing agent and then decreasing the threshold of responsiveness of a target tissue to a photokilling effect of the photosensitizing agent.

Abstract: Texaphyrins are selectively retained in diseased tissue cells. When exposed to low level, non-thermal sonodynamic agent such as ultrasound, the texaphyrin-incorporated cells are selectively destroyed. There is provided a method of sonodynamic therapy by administering an effective amount of an intracellular sensitizer to a mammal in need thereof and providing an effective amount of a sonodynamic agent.

Abstract: A substance effective for treatment of tumors having a fluorescent emission between 640 nm and 650 nm capable of preferentially localizing in and being retained in tumor cells, the substance being a product of esterification of hematorporphyrin with a chlorin and a process for destruction of tumor cells in a patient involving the steps of:(a) injecting a solution containing the substance into a patient;(b) allowing the substance to accumulate in the tumor cells; and(c) irradiating the tumor site with light at a predetermined intensity and a wavelength between about 640 nm and about 650 nm.