Abstract: A bioemulsifier composition useful for forming and stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions, comprising an esterase protein of 32.5 KD, found in association with emulsan in the bacteria Acinetobacter. The esterase, or parts of it, are isolated from cell extracts of various strains of Acinetobacter, or produced by any other means. The bioemulsifier composition is further comprised of a water-soluble polysaccharide polymer of any source. The present invention further discloses a method of forming and stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions, using the above-mentioned composition.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the preparation and use of new nondialyzable, interfacially-active bioemulsifiers from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strains.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the production and use of enzymes that degrade lipopolysaccharide bioemulsifiers, and, in particular, emulsans. The enzymes may be used to demulsify bioemulsifier-stabilized hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the production and use of enzymes that degrade lipopolysaccharide bioemulsifiers, and, in particular, emulsans. The enzymes may be used to demulsify bioemulsifier-stabilized hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. Emulsans and apoemulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components. In addition, these extracellular microbial polysaccharides as well as their O-deacylated and N-deacylated derivatives are adsorbed on and capable of flocculating aluminosilicate ion-exchangers, such as kaolin and bentonite.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects. Emulsans and apoemulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. Base hydrolysis under mild conditions of the emulsans and apoemulsans produces derivatives (the ".psi.-emulsans" and "apo-.psi.-emulsans", respectively) which are completely N-acylated and partially to completely O-deacylated. Emulsans and apoemulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects.

Abstract: Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects.

Abstract: Growth of Acinitobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on certain substrates produces a new class of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the ".alpha.-emulsans"). .alpha.-Emulsans exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and aromatic or cyclic components, which are typical of the hydrocarbonaceous residues found in oil-contaminated vessels, such as tankers, barges, storage tanks, tank cars and trucks, pipelines and other oil-contaminated containers used to transport or store crude oil in petroleum fractions. These oil-contaminated vessels may be cleaned by washing the oil-contaminated surfaces of such vessels with an aqueous solution in sea water or fresh water containing from about 10 mcg/ml to about 20 mg/ml of .alpha.

Abstract: Growth of Arthrobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on ethanol has been used to produce a new class of extracellular micro bial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the ".alpha.-emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. Deproteinization of .alpha.-emulsans by hot phenol extraction produces the lipopolysaccharide components (the "apo-.alpha.-emulsans") of such .alpha.-emulsans, which components have been shown to be completely N-acylated and partially O-acylated heteropolysaccharides made up of major amounts of D-galactosamine and an aminouronic acid, the O-lipoacyl portions of such apo-.alpha.

Abstract: Growth of Arthrobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on fatty acid substrates produces a new class of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the ".alpha.-emulsans"). Deproteinization of .alpha.-emulsans by hot phenol extraction produces the lipopolysaccharide components (the "apo-.alpha.-emulsans") of such emulsans, which components have been shown to be completely N-acylated and partially O-acylated heteropolysaccharides made up of major amounts of D-galactosamine and an aminouronic acid, such apo-.alpha.-emulsans containing at least 5 percent by weight of O-substituted fatty acid esters in which the fatty acids contain from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. .alpha.-Emulsans and apo-.alpha.-emulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components.