Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method of rapidly and efficiently cooling a liquid, wherein flow is induced via gravitational feed from a reservoir, through a cooling chamber, further in connection to a refrigerant source wherein said liquid exits through an inferior actuatable outlet and said refrigerant is released through an exit valve. Specifically, the present invention allows for the rapid cooling of an alcoholic liquid through contactless exposure a carbon dioxide refrigerant source whereby said liquid and refrigerant occupy separate, non-communicating chambers.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a plastic orthodontic appliance having projecting structure extending outwardly from a bonding base. The projecting structure includes a broadened outer extremity and undercuts proximate the outer extremity which form mechanical bonds with a bonding adhesive. In one application, a plurality of appliances in the form of slotted brackets is provided for cooperating with an archwire to apply corrective forces to a patient's teeth on which the brackets are mounted. Another aspect of the invention concerns a method of making plastic orthodontic appliances suitable for mechanical bonding. The method includes molding a plastic orthodontic appliance having undeformed projecting structure and subsequently softening and compressing the outer extremity of the projecting structure to form undercuts. In a preferred embodiment, the projecting structure is a plurality of posts.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a plastic orthodontic appliance having projecting structure extending outwardly from a bonding base. The projecting structure includes a broadened outer extremity and undercuts proximate the outer extremity which form mechanical bonds with a bonding adhesive. In one application, a plurality of appliances in the form of slotted brackets is provided for cooperating with an archwire to apply corrective forces to a patient's teeth on which the brackets are mounted. Another aspect of the invention concerns a method of making plastic orthodontic appliances suitable for mechanical bonding. The method includes molding a plastic orthodontic appliance having undeformed projecting structure and subsequently softening and compressing the outer extremity of the projecting structure to form undercuts. In a preferred embodiment, the projecting structure is a plurality of posts.

Abstract: A device for transferring fluid with minimum fluid displacement includes a valve internal chamber adapted for receiving an actuator therethrough for facilitating introduction of fluid into the valve internal chamber. A biased member abuts against either a compressible gas or an ambient atmosphere, and is adapted for being moved by the actuator. Movement of the biased member results in displacement of either the compressible gas or the ambient atmosphere to thereby offset a displacement of fluid in the valve internal chamber that was introduced by insertion of the actuator into the valve internal chamber. A valve outlet port is adapted for outputting fluid from the valve internal chamber. The valve outlet port is configured in fluid communication with the valve internal chamber at all times, and is adapted for allowing fluid to freely flow between the valve internal chamber and the valve outlet port.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a plastic orthodontic appliance having projecting structure extending outwardly from a bonding base. The projecting structure includes a broadened outer extremity and undercuts proximate the outer extremity which form mechanical bonds with a bonding adhesive. In one application, a plurality of appliances in the form of slotted brackets is provided for cooperating with an archwire to apply corrective forces to a patient's teeth on which the brackets are mounted. Another aspect of the invention concerns a method of making plastic orthodontic appliances suitable for mechanical bonding. The method includes molding a plastic orthodontic appliance having undeformed projecting structure and subsequently softening and compressing the outer extremity of the projecting structure to form undercuts. In a preferred embodiment, the projecting structure is a plurality of posts.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a plastic orthodontic bracket reinforced with a metal insert having rotation wings. The bracket includes a protrusion extending into the archwire slot and having an upper end elevated above the bottom wall of the archwire slot. The upper end of the protrusion is adapted to contact the underside of an orthodontic archwire located in the archwire slot and to support at least a portion of the archwire above the bottom wall of the archwire slot.