Abstract: A technique is provided for translating one or more networked applications to act virtually as if operating at a node or communication point within a network simulation. The invention disclosed herein has aspects of both emulation and simulation, allowing an actual networked application code (herein called simply ‘application code’) and simulated models to interact with each other in any combination. However, one or more application codes are virtually translated such that they appear to the rest of the simulated model(s) or applications code(s) to be resident at a simulated node. This simulated node may be any node (fixed or mobile) of the simulation, and one or more application codes can be mapped to a single node. Although the preferred embodiment would be the case where simulated time is synchronized to real-time, accelerated or slower than real-time simulation can also be used with the invention.

Abstract: A system and method for network routing is provided where significant (those that impact optimal network routes) state changes of network components are considered. A set of optimal communication paths are generated for a number of actual and potential component failure scenarios. An optimal communication path is generated for each failure scenario. In addition, a method that enables continued communication using intermediate routing points and routing update propagation during periods of network non-convergence or congestion is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for congestion avoidance and load balancing for communication networks is provided. When a source host is sending information to a destination host and a need is detected for an alternate route, a masquerading host acts as the source host and sends the information to the destination along the alternate route. The data is sent in a manner that leads the destination to believe that the data came from the source. In this way, the destination will accept the data as valid. General network status data such as delay times, packet delivery failures, bandwidth information, link status, etc., is used to control and manage the masquerading servers, which are arranged in a rim. Message data may be replicated on each host in the rim or may be passed among the host, or may stem from outside the rim.

Abstract: Cache memory structures are arranged to further alleviate the continually increasing memory latency or delay problem caused by the ever increasing speed of computer processors. In these memory structures, a plurality of separate and independent memory branches are extended from a common bus that passes from a hierarchical level immediately above the processor. Each memory branch is initiated with a cache memory unit and ascends hierarchically to the main memory. Other intermediate cache memory units may be disposed in the branches between the initial cache memory unit and the main memory thereof. Memory space division may be applied to the intermediate cache memory units or the relative information storage capacities thereof may be sized to alleviate the memory latency or delay problem still further.

Abstract: A technique is provided for translating one or more networked applications to act virtually as if operating at a node or communication point within a network simulation. The invention disclosed herein has aspects of both emulation and simulation, allowing an actual networked application code (herein called simply ‘application code’) and simulated models to interact with each other in any combination. However, one or more application codes are virtually translated such that they appear to the rest of the simulated model(s) or applications code(s) to be resident at a simulated node. This simulated node may be any node (fixed or mobile) of the simulation, and one or more application codes can be mapped to a single node. Although the preferred embodiment would be the case where simulated time is synchronized to real-time, accelerated or slower than real-time simulation can also be used with the invention.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring the millimeter or submillimeter wave absorption spectra in a sample of DNA molecules are provided.

Abstract: A system and method for network routing is provided where significant (those that impact optimal network routes) state changes of network components are considered. A set of optimal communication paths are generated for a number of actual and potential component failure scenarios. An optimal communication path is generated for each failure scenario. In addition, a method that enables continued communication using intermediate routing points and routing update propagation during periods of network non-convergence or congestion is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for congestion avoidance and load balancing for communication networks is provided. When a source host is sending information to a destination host and a need is detected for an alternate route, a masquerading host acts as the source host and sends the information to the destination along the alternate route. The data is sent in a manner that leads the destination to believe that the data came from the source. In this way, the destination will accept the data as valid. General network status data such as delay times, packet delivery failures, bandwidth information, link status, etc., is used to control and manage the masquerading servers, which are arranged in a rim. Message data may be replicated on each host in the rim or may be passed among the host, or may stem from outside the rim.

Abstract: Improved labyrinth seal designs are disclosed. The present invention relates to labyrinth seal systems with selected sealing surfaces and seal geometry to optimize flow deflection and produce maximum turbulent action. Optimum seal performance is generally accomplished by providing sealing surfaces and fluid cavities formed to dissipate fluid energy as a function of the geometry of the sealing surfaces along with the position and size of the fluid cavities formed between members of the labyrinth seal system. Improved convex surfaces, annular flow reversal grooves, flow deflection blocks and rough, machined surfaces cooperate to enhance the performance of the labyrinth seal systems. For some labyrinth seal systems a mid-cavity throttle and either rigid teeth or flexible spring teeth may be included.

Abstract: A method of using layers of gold metallization and a thick film coating of photo-sensitive material to form an air-filled microwave waveguide structure on the outer surface of a semiconductor body, such as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit commonly referred to as an MMIC, so that the waveguide can be coupled to the active and passive devices of the MMIC. First, a patterned metallization layer is formed on a substrate. A mold of a waveguide is fabricated by masking and then etching another metallization layer. The mold is turned over face down on the patterned metallization layer and bonded to the patterned metallization layer, Then, any unnecessary material is etched away.

Abstract: An improved design for a labyrinth seal is disclosed. The present invention relates to a radially stepped labyrinth seal whereby the geometry of the sealing surfaces is to optimize flow deflection, thereby producing maximum turbulent shearing action. This is generally accomplished by the formation of sealing surfaces where the shape of the seal components is established as a function of the minimum clearance between the relatively movable members.