Abstract: In one embodiment, a three-dimensional space is characterized by identifying sets of corresponding pixels in a plurality of radiation images. Different ones of the plurality of radiation images correspond to different slices of the three-dimensional space, and each of the sets of corresponding pixels corresponds to a different one of a plurality of x/y-coordinates of the three dimensional space. For each set of corresponding pixels, a pixel that conveys a defined property of the set of corresponding pixels is identified. The three-dimensional space is then characterized by outputting a composite radiation image comprising the identified pixels. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described are techniques for processing data sets produced by analyzing a sample. The input data set is represented as rows of intensities over time for a particular mass to charge (m/z) range. A correlation matrix is produced in which each row of the input data set is correlated with every other row in the input data set. The correlation matrix is clustered or grouped such that those highly correlated m/z ranges are included in the same group. A set of one or more scans is selected for each group representing periods of interest within each group. Using the m/z values included in each cluster, a resultant sample spectra is created for each of the selected scans. The processing techniques may be used to identify parent and related fragment ions in the input data set and as a preprocessor producing resultant sampled spectra used as input to subsequent processing.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator has an output power control system that causes the impedance of tissue to rise and fall in a cyclic pattern until the tissue is desiccated. The advantage of the power control system is that thermal spread and charring are reduced. In addition, the power control system offers improved performance for electrosurgical vessel sealing and tissue welding. The output power is applied cyclically by a control system with tissue impedance feedback. The impedance of the tissue follows the cyclic pattern of the output power several times, depending on the state of the tissue, until the tissue becomes fully desiccated. High power is applied to cause the tissue to reach a high impedance, and then the power is reduced to allow the impedance to fall. Thermal energy is allowed to dissipate during the low power cycle. The control system is adaptive to tissue in the sense that output power is modulated in response to the impedance of the tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for tomographic reconstructing of desired image data from image data corresponding to a plurality of detector images comprising compressing the plurality of detector images, identifying a projection matrix which describes an ideal way in which an object under study is projected onto a detector, computing a modified projection matrix as a function of the projection matrix and a compression technique utilized in compressing the plurality of detected images, and reconstructing a compressed representation of the desired image data from the compressed detector images and the modified projection matrix, using an iterative linear systems solver.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a traveling wave optical modulator, an optical waveguide structure having an optical waveguide and a signal electrode path extending from a signal input to a termination output is formed. The signal electrode path is modified to include a customized signal electrode having a transmission line characteristic substantially matching a target transmission line parameter value. In another aspect, a traveling wave optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide and a signal electrode path. The signal electrode path extends from a signal input to a termination output and is defined by an electrode seed structure. The electrode seed structure is exposed for subsequent electrode formation and has a transmission line characteristic detrimental to proper propagation of an electrical modulation signal.

Abstract: Digital optical sources and methods of operating the same are described. In one aspect, a digital optical source includes a laser, an optical intensity modulator, and a drive circuit. The laser is operable to generate light of higher output optical power in a high output power mode and to generate light of lower output optical power in a low output power mode. The optical intensity modulator is coupled to receive light from the laser and is operable to intensity modulate the received laser light less in a high output power mode and to intensity modulate the received laser light more in a low output power mode. The drive circuit is coupled to the laser and the optical intensity modulator and is configured so that the laser and the optical intensity modulator are operated synchronously in high output power modes and in low output power modes.

Abstract: Systems and methods of detecting peripheral points of reflected radiation beam spots for topographically mapping a surface are described. In one aspect, a radiation beam is directed toward a target location on the surface. An image of a beam spot is captured at a location in an image plane intersecting at least a portion of the radiation beam reflected from the target location on the surface. At least one image plane coordinate for a peripheral point of the beam spot image is identified. A relative height value is assigned to the target location based on a mapping of the at least one image plane coordinate identified for the peripheral beam spot point to the relative height value.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a traveling wave optical modulator, an optical waveguide structure having an optical waveguide and a signal electrode path extending from a signal input to a termination output is formed. The signal electrode path is modified to include a customized signal electrode having a transmission line characteristic substantially matching a target transmission line parameter value. In another aspect, a traveling wave optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide and a signal electrode path. The signal electrode path extends from a signal input to a termination output and is defined by an electrode seed structure. The electrode seed structure is exposed for subsequent electrode formation and has a transmission line characteristic detrimental to proper propagation of an electrical modulation signal.

Abstract: Described are techniques for processing data sets produced by analyzing a sample. The input data set is represented as rows of intensities over time for a particular mass to charge (m/z) range. A correlation matrix is produced in which each row of the input data set is correlated with every other row in the input data set. The correlation matrix is clustered or grouped such that those highly correlated m/z ranges are included in the same group. A set of one or more scans is selected for each group representing periods of interest within each group. Using the m/z values included in each cluster, a resultant sample spectra is created for each of the selected scans. The processing techniques may be used to identify parent and related fragment ions in the input data set and as a preprocessor producing resultant sampled spectra used as input to subsequent processing.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for tomographic reconstructing of desired image data from image data corresponding to a plurality of detector images comprising compressing the plurality of detector images, identifying a projection matrix which describes an ideal way in which an object under study is projected onto a detector, computing a modified projection matrix as a function of the projection matrix and a compression technique utilized in compressing the plurality of detected images, and reconstructing a compressed representation of the desired image data from the compressed detector images and the modified projection matrix, using an iterative linear systems solver.

Abstract: Device interconnects and methods of making the same are described. In one aspect, a device interconnect system includes a bonding pad portion and a transmission line portion. The bonding pad portion is disposed on a device substrate and is constructed and arranged for electrical connection to a bond wire. The transmission line portion is disposed on the device substrate and is constructed and arranged to electrically couple the bonding pad portion to a device formed on the device substrate. The transmission line portion has a width dimension that is substantially parallel to the device substrate and a height dimension that is substantially perpendicular to the device substrate. The width dimension and the height dimension of the transmission line portion both vary from the bonding pad portion to the device.

Abstract: Device interconnects and methods of making the same are described. In one aspect, a device interconnect system includes a bonding pad portion and a transmission line portion. The bonding pad portion is disposed on a device substrate and is constructed and arranged for electrical connection to a bond wire. The transmission line portion is disposed on the device substrate and is constructed and arranged to electrically couple the bonding pad portion to a device formed on the device substrate. The transmission line portion has a width dimension that is substantially parallel to the device substrate and a height dimension that is substantially perpendicular to the device substrate. The width dimension and the height dimension of the transmission line portion both vary from the bonding pad portion to the device.

Abstract: Digital optical sources and methods of operating the same are described. In one aspect, a digital optical source includes a laser, an optical intensity modulator, and a drive circuit. The laser is operable to generate light of higher output optical power in a high output power mode and to generate light of lower output optical power in a low output power mode. The optical intensity modulator is coupled to receive light from the laser and is operable to intensity modulate the received laser light less in a high output power mode and to intensity modulate the received laser light more in a low output power mode. The drive circuit is coupled to the laser and the optical intensity modulator and is configured so that the laser and the optical intensity modulator are operated synchronously in high output power modes and in low output power modes.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator has an output power control system that causes the impedance of tissue to rise and fall in a cyclic pattern until the tissue is desiccated. The advantage of the power control system is that thermal spread and charring are reduced. In addition, the power control system offers improved performance for electrosurgical vessel sealing and tissue welding. The output power is applied cyclically by a control system with tissue impedance feedback. The impedance of the tissue follows the cyclic pattern of the output power several times, depending on the state of the tissue, until the tissue becomes fully desiccated. High power is applied to cause the tissue to reach a high impedance, and then the power is reduced to allow the impedance to fall. Thermal energy is allowed to dissipate during the low power cycle. The control system is adaptive to tissue in the sense that output power is modulated in response to the impedance of the tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator has an output power control system that causes the impedance of tissue to rise and fall in a cyclic pattern until the tissue is desiccated. The advantage of the power control system is that thermal spread and charring are reduced. In addition, the power control system offers improved performance for electrosurgical vessel sealing and tissue welding. The output power is applied cyclically by a control system with tissue impedance feedback. The impedance of the tissue follows the cyclic pattern of the output power several times, depending on the state of the tissue, until the tissue becomes filly desiccated. High power is applied to cause the tissue to reach a high impedance, and then the power is reduced to allow the impedance to fall. Thermal energy is allowed to dissipate during the low power cycle. The control system is adaptive to tissue in the sense that output power is modulated in response to the impedance of the tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator has an output power control system that causes the impedance of tissue to rise and fall in a cyclic pattern until the tissue is desiccated. The advantage of the power control system is that thermal spread and charring are reduced. In addition, the power control system offers improved performance for electrosurgical vessel sealing and tissue welding. The output power is applied cyclically by a control system with tissue impedance feedback. The impedance of the tissue follows the cyclic pattern of the output power several times, depending on the state of the tissue, until the tissue becomes fully desiccated. High power is applied to cause the tissue to reach a high impedance, and then the power is reduced to allow the impedance to fall. Thermal energy is allowed to dissipate during the low power cycle. The control system is adaptive to tissue in the sense that output power is modulated in response to the impedance of the tissue.