Abstract: A method for inhibiting scale comprises adding to a fluid that causes scale formation a polycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof which has a star structure and at least 5 arms. A star polymer comprising a core based on 2,2?-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol] and 6 arms comprising linear polycarboxylic acids of degree of polymerization (DP) of the arm of at least 2 and in some embodiments up to 15 or more is useful in inhibiting scale formation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting scale comprising adding to a fluid that causes scale formation a polycarboxylic acid having a polymer backbone and a plurality of branches from the polymer backbone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inhibiting scale comprising adding to a fluid that causes scale formation a polycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof which has a star structure and at least 5 arms. Also, disclosed is a specific star polymer useful in scale inhibition which comprises a core based on 2,2?-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol] and 6 arms comprising linear polycarboxylic acids of degree of polymerization (DP) of the arm of at least 2 and in some embodiments up to 15 or more.

Abstract: A branched polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof, wherein the average number of branches is (2) to (100) and the average degree of polymerization of the branches is (2) to (50), is an effective polymeric dispersant. More specifically, the polymeric dispersant is a branched polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof, in which the branched polycarboxylic acid is derived from polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid; the average degree of polymerization is (10) to (150); the average number of branches is (2) to (20); and the average degree of polymerization of the branches is (2) to (30). The branched polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof can be combined with a pigment to form an aqueous dispersion. An aqueous coating composition includes the aqueous dispersion; a polymeric binder; and a rheology modifier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting scale comprising adding to a fluid that causes scale formation a polycarboxylic acid having a polymer backbone and a plurality of branches from the polymer backbone.

Abstract: A branched polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof, wherein the average number of branches is (2) to (100) and the average degree of polymerization of the branches is (2) to (50), is an effective polymeric dispersant. More specifically, the polymeric dispersant is a branched polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof, in which the branched polycarboxylic acid is derived from polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid; the average degree of polymerization is (10) to (150); the average number of branches is (2) to (20); and the average degree of polymerization of the branches is (2) to (30). The branched polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof can be combined with a pigment to form an aqueous dispersion. An aqueous coating composition includes the aqueous dispersion; a polymeric binder; and a rheology modifier.

Abstract: A camera including an image capture module, and at least one other module. The image capture module is a sealed module and includes: a housing; at least one image sensor to convert light into electrical signals; an optical system associated with the image sensor and arranged to transmit light through the housing to the at least one image sensor; the image capture module and the at least one other module being directly or indirectly mounted to each other, and interoperable with each other to capture images. An image capture module and method of construction of a camera are also described.

Abstract: A camera including an image capture module, and at least one other module. The image capture module is a sealed module and includes: a housing; at least one image sensor to convert light into electrical signals; an optical system associated with the image sensor and arranged to transmit light through the housing to the at least one image sensor; the image capture module and the at least one other module being directly or indirectly mounted to each other, and interoperable with each other to capture images. An image capture module and method of construction of a camera are also described.

Abstract: A camera including an image capture module, and at least one other module. The image capture module is a sealed module and includes: a housing; at least one image sensor to convert light into electrical signals; an optical system associated with the image sensor and arranged to transmit light through the housing to the at least one image sensor; the image capture module and the at least one other module being directly or indirectly mounted to each other, and interoperable with each other to capture images. An image capture module and method of construction of a camera are also described.

Abstract: A camera including an image capture module, and at least one other module. The image capture module is a sealed module and includes: a housing; at least one image sensor to convert light into electrical signals; an optical system associated with the image sensor and arranged to transmit light through the housing to the at least one image sensor; the image capture module and the at least one other module being directly or indirectly mounted to each other, and interoperable with each other to capture images. An image capture module and method of construction of a camera are also described.

Abstract: A camera including an image capture module, and at least one other module. The image capture module is a sealed module and includes: a housing; at least one image sensor to convert light into electrical signals; an optical system associated with the image sensor and arranged to transmit light through the housing to the at least one image sensor; the image capture module and the at least one other module being directly or indirectly mounted to each other, and interoperable with each other to capture images. An image capture module and method of construction of a camera are also described.

Abstract: An ion-exchange resin stabilized against shrinkage, the resin being loaded with at least one amphiphilic ion in the absence of sodium cations.Also a process for removing iodide compounds from a liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride obtained from the Group VIII noble metal catalysed, alkyl iodide co-catalysed carbonylation of alcohols and/or their reactive derivatives by contacting the liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride with the ion-exchange resin stabilized against shrinkage as aforesaid, the ion-exchange resin being loaded with one or more of the metals silver, palladium or mercury.