Abstract: A system comprises a transmitter configured to receive at least one message that corresponds to at least one set of data received from at least one user. The transmitter includes a modulating device that is configured to generate at least one signal that corresponds to the received message, wherein the signal includes at least one sequence of a plurality of hopping patterns. A receiver is coupled to the transmitter, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the signal. The receiver includes a demodulating device that is configured to identify the sequence of the hopping patterns and to determine at least one variable that corresponds to the sequence of the hopping patterns. The demodulating device is further configured to generate at least one output that is based on the determined variable, wherein the output is displayed such that at least one other user is enabled to view the output.

Abstract: A system comprises a transmitter configured to receive at least one message that corresponds to at least one set of data received from at least one user. The transmitter includes a modulating device that is configured to generate at least one signal that corresponds to the received message, wherein the signal includes at least one sequence of a plurality of hopping patterns. A receiver is coupled to the transmitter, wherein the receiver is configured to receive the signal. The receiver includes a demodulating device that is configured to identify the sequence of the hopping patterns and to determine at least one variable that corresponds to the sequence of the hopping patterns. The demodulating device is further configured to generate at least one output that is based on the determined variable, wherein the output is displayed such that at least one other user is enabled to view the output.

Abstract: A detection system includes a receiver configured to generate a receiver signal representative of detected electromagnetic energy, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to generate a plurality of signal samples based on the receiver signal. The detection system also includes a detection module configured to identify a plurality of sample offsets for the signal samples, and execute a plurality of autocorrelation functions on the signal samples to provide an output of each of the autocorrelation functions, wherein each autocorrelation function is executed on at least a portion of the signal samples identified by a sample offset of the plurality of sample offsets. The detection module is also configured to compute a sum of the autocorrelation function outputs, normalize the sum of the autocorrelation function outputs, and determine whether a signal of interest is present within the electromagnetic energy based on the normalized sum.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is made by coating a metal foil substrate with cadmium telluride powder, moving the powder coated foil across a cold plate or series of cooled rollers to prevent the substrate from melting, while melting the cadmium telluride powder by passing the powder coated foil under a microwave energy source. This forms a thin film of cadmium telluride on the foil. The cadmium telluride coated foil is then coated with cadmium sulfide powder, which is melted by passing the powder coated foil under a microwave energy source, thereby creating a P-N junction, and the cadmium sulfide layer is coated with indium, which is fused to the cadmium sulfide layer by microwave heating.

Abstract: A suspended rider bicycle has a suspension boom which extends from the frame above the rider's torso, and a suspension device such as a belt or sling for suspending the rider's torso from the suspension boom.

Abstract: A suspended rider bicycle has a suspension boom which extends from the frame above the rider's torso, and a suspension device such as a belt or sling for suspending the rider's torso from the suspension boom.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing the frequency split between the Coriolis-coupled modes in disc resonator gyroscopes (DRGs) by perturbing the mass distribution on the disc resonator based on an identified model are disclosed. A model-identification method of tuning a resonator comprises perturbing the mass and measuring a frequency response matrix of the resonator. The frequency response matrix includes a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs and the resonator has a plurality of coupled resonance modes. A reduced structural mechanics matrix model of the resonator in sensor and actuator coordinates is identified from the measured frequency response matrix and analyzed to determine generalized eigenvectors of the structural mechanics model and their variations due to selected mass perturbations which is then estimated to improve degeneracy of the plurality of coupled resonance modes based on the generalized eigenvectors of the mass and the stiffness.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is made by coating a metal foil substrate with cadmium telluride powder, moving the powder coated foil across a cold plate or series of cooled rollers to prevent the substrate from melting, while melting the cadmium telluride powder by passing the powder coated foil under a microwave energy source. This forms a thin film of cadmium telluride on the foil. The cadmium telluride coated foil is then coated with cadmium sulfide powder, which is melted by passing the powder coated foil under a microwave energy source, thereby creating a P-N junction, and the cadmium sulfide layer is coated with indium, which is fused to the cadmium sulfide layer by microwave heating.

Abstract: A method for acquiring Global Positioning System (GPS) code includes describing GPS code as a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code, and decoding the LDPC code to achieve acquisition by directly solving for the correct code phase.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing the frequency split between the Coriolis-coupled modes in disc resonator gyroscopes (DRGs) by perturbing the mass distribution on the disc resonator based on an identified model are disclosed. A model-identification method of tuning a resonator comprises perturbing the mass and measuring a frequency response matrix of the resonator. The frequency response matrix includes a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs and the resonator has a plurality of coupled resonance modes. A reduced structural mechanics matrix model of the resonator in sensor and actuator coordinates is identified from the measured frequency response matrix and analyzed to determine generalized eigenvectors of the structural mechanics model and their variations due to selected mass perturbations which is then estimated to improve degeneracy of the plurality of coupled resonance modes based on the generalized eigenvectors of the mass and the stiffness.

Abstract: Gas containing particles or droplets flowing continuously through a microphone is perturbed by sound waves. Sound-induced localized pressure changes in the gas are measured by detecting variations in gas opacity with an optical transducer disposed transverse to the flow direction.

Abstract: A method for acquiring Global Positioning System (GPS) code includes describing GPS code as a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code, and decoding the LDPC code to achieve acquisition by directly solving for the correct code phase.

Abstract: A convolutional despreading method takes advantage of the algebraic structure of the spreading code and applies convolutional type decoding to received signal chip symbols to rapidly estimate code phase, preferably used for rapid acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum signals. Modeled reduced-state structures having branchword transitions are used to reduce metric computations. The reduced state structures and algebraic structures provide additive constraints for modifying convolutional sequential metric searching for improved speed of code phase determination. The convolution despreading method preferably uses a modified convolutional sequential search algorithm, such as, a modified Fano Tree convolutional sequential search, or, a modified Viterbi trellis convolutional sequential search. The method can also directly determine a modulated data stream, when present, to provide demodulated data without necessarily performing conventional cross correlation despreading.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distributing clock signals in an integrated circuit is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the power grid of the integrated circuit is used to distribute a periodic timing signal, in addition to the power supply voltage, to local areas of the integrated circuit, the local areas having circuitry for extracting a local clock signal from the periodic timing signal. Instead of simply carrying a DC power supply signal, the power grid is provided with a waveform constituting the sum of the DC power supply signal and the periodic signal, and the power grid then supplies all areas of the integrated circuit with this waveform. Local circuits then tap the power grid as needed to extract the periodic signal, from which local clock signals are then generated. In another preferred embodiment, a periodic timing signal is provided in the form of electromagnetic radiation to local areas of the integrated circuit by means of an optical or radio frequency transmitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for transforming information obtained from a database into a presentation network topology for seamless serial presentation of selected data items to a user. The presentation network topology is a multidimensional network synthesized according to a predetermined set of rules, using information from the database and using selection parameters provided by the user. The presentation network topology is constructed so as to allow for adaptive playback, wherein a next data item is selected according to the position of the current data item with respect to the presentation network topology and according to at least one playback command provided by the user. The presentation network topology is also constructed so as to allow for automated playback, wherein data items are automatically, serially, and seamlessly presented to the user when no playback command is received, according to the historical choices of the user.

Abstract: An interactive game film includes, on a video disk, data arranged in clips representing video film segments, each clip having a lead-in segment, a body segment, a loop segment, and a lead-out segment. Each clip matches at least one other, so that when the clips are played in series, the splice is seamless. The clips are displayed by a driver in response to instructions from a game control program unique to a particular game. The game control program provides an interface, in the form of visible or audible subtitles containing keywords, between a player and the driver, whereby the player can, at decision points in the game, control which film clip is displayed next.

Abstract: A sound reproduction system for automatically adjusting the output characteristics of a speaker or speakers in response to the acoustical characteristics of the external environment for the speakers by the use of sensors operatively connected to a microprocessor which in turn is connected to further processing in a digital preamplifier which processing includes comparison of data received from the sensor about the environment and the audio signal treatment by the environment and alters the output of the digital preamplifier to compensate for the environment and changes in the environment.

Abstract: A microcomputer system for converting an analog signal, such as an audio or video signal representative of sound or video into a digital form for storing in digital form in a highly condensed code and for reconstructing the analog signal from the coded digital form. The system includes reductive analytic means where the original digital data stream is converted to a sequential series of spectrograms, signal amplitude histograms and waveform code tables. Approximately 100 times less storage space than previously required for the storage of digitized signals is thereby obtained. Additive synthesis logic interprets the stored codes and recreates an output digital data stream for digital to analog conversion that is nearly identical to the original analog signal.

Abstract: A microcomputer system for converting an analog signal, such as an audio or video signal representative of sound or video into a digital form for storing in digital form in a highly condensed code and for reconstructing the analog signal from the coded digital form. The system includes reductive analytic means where the original digital data stream is converted to a sequential series of spectrograms, signal amplitude histrograms and waveform code tables. Approximately 100 times less storage space than previously required for the storage of digitized signals is thereby obtained. Additive synthesis logic interprets the stored codes and recreates an output digital data stream for digital to analog conversion that is nearly identical to the original analog signal.

Abstract: A microcomputer system for converting an analog signal, such as an audio signal representative of sound into a digital form for storing in digital form in a highly condensed code and for reconstructing the analog signal from the coded digital form is disclosed. The system includes reductive analytic means where the original digital data stream is converted to a sequential series of frequency spectrograms, signal amplitude histograms and waveform code tables. Approximately 100 times less storage space than previously required for the storage of digitized audio signals of high fidelity quality is thereby obtained. Additive synthesis logic interprets the stored codes and recreates an output digital data stream for digital to analog conversion that is nearly identical to the original analog signal.