Abstract: A digital repository 20 includes data items. A user can add additional functionality or program routines to data item by including as a data item a data processing identifier pointing to at least one data processing routine. Such routines are accessed by a client 22 by sending from a client to the digital repository 20 a request to access a data item, wherein the repository provides an interface description document 32 from the digital repository 20 to the client 22 as the response to the request. The client 22 can then transmit a data processing request from the client to a service 26 identified by the data processing identifier of the interface description document 32, the data processing request including the identifier from the interface description document.

Abstract: A directed graph of data includes nodes 10, properties 22 attached to nodes and resources 34. The nodes 10, properties 22 and resources 34 are classified as indexable or non indexable. At least one property 30 links a pair of nodes, one node being a parent and one being a child. An indexing algorithm indexes each indexable property pointing to a resource as related to any respective indexable nodes linked to the node to which the indexable property is attached through a chain of indexable links from child to parent through intermediate nodes, all of which are non-indexable.

Abstract: A client accepts 20 an input query, rewrites 22 the query and forwards 24 the query to a database server, which returns 26 results which are then rewritten 28. The database includes classes arranged hierarchically as superclasses and subclasses, and/or properties also arranged hierarchically as superproperties and subproperties. In embodiments, the query is rewritten 22 to replace each instance of each class and each property in the input query with the transitive closure of the respective class or property. The client allows inferencing whether or not this is supported by the database server.

Abstract: A method of invoking a service of a Web service provider using a client terminal comprises obtaining a template WSDL binding definition, communicating with the Web service to request the generation of a concrete WSDL binding and invoking the Web service using the concrete WSDL binding. A method is also provided for a Web services provider to provide asynchronous callback messages to a client, as well as the client and Web server apparatus.

Abstract: A database structure that may be used for semistructured databases assigns each node of a database to a collection. For each collection, create rights, retrieve rights, associate rights and dissassociate rights are provided to one or more users, the rights being assigned in common for all nodes of the collection. Users can only carry out the task if they have the appropriate rights. In this way, a flexible database security structure is provided that can deliver appropriate security for different elements of a semistructured database.

Abstract: A method of providing internet access to a data object repository comprising managing data objects hosted by said repository using a generalised repository directed graph data model having object nodes and resources, said resources comprising at least one of (i) a literal; (ii) actual resource data; and/or (iii) a URI directing a request for resources to an address; wherein said object nodes comprise higher level abstractions of data objects; wherein all object nodes and resources are named, as well as all arcs between object nodes and other object nodes or resources, said arcs modelling properties of said nodes; wherein each said directed graph has a graph interface which represents data as a directed graph of nodes and resources; and wherein said graph interface is capable of enabling access to data represented by said directed graph by traversal of said directed graph using http:GET.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with enabling substantially anonymous purchases of media products or other products (or access to an on-line service) to be made on-line. In order to initiate a purchasing session, consisting of one or more purchasing transactions, the purchaser authenticates himself to a home provider computer (3) which ten allots an anonymous client identifier (clientID) to the client for the purposes of that session. The purchaser (1) contacts a vendor computer (6), using the anonymous identifier (clientID) and an anonymising HTTP proxy, in order to place an order for one or more products or services for which the vendor computer has the right to authorize delivery. In order to obtain delivery of the product or service from the repository computer (5), the purchaser (1) provides the clientID to the repository computer (3).

Abstract: A magnetic memory which in some embodiments compares compressed fault maps is disclosed. In one embodiment, the magnetic memory may include at least two magnetic memory cells which are configured to store data. The magnetic memory includes a control system configured to periodically obtain parametric values from the magnetic memory cells and generate a corresponding compressed fault map using the parametric values. In some embodiments, at least one of the compressed fault maps is compared to a previous one of the compressed fault maps, and an indication is provided if there are differences.

Abstract: Encryption of documents is used to restrict access to such documents to those users who have the appropriate decryption keys. The encryption of documents on public web servers hitherto has prevented indexing by search engines. By keeping words and possible sentences or paragraphs intact in the encrypted document but re-ordering elements of the document to prevent the document being human-readable, the possibility of encrypted documents being indexed by search engines is provided.

Abstract: A client accepts 20 an input query, rewrites 22 the query and forwards 24 the query to a database server, which returns 26 results which are then rewritten 28. The database includes classes arranged hierarchically as superclasses and subclasses, and/or properties also arranged hierarchically as superproperties and subproperties. In embodiments, the query is rewritten 22 to replace each instance of each class and each property in the input query with the transitive closure of the respective class or property. The client allows inferencing whether or not this is supported by the database server.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying uncorrectable Reed-Solomon codewords in the presence of Reed-Solomon codewords which may have errors and erasures and otherwise be correctable.

Abstract: A single polynomial expander 22 is time multiplexed to produce firstly a modified syndrome polynomial T(x) and then an erasure located polynomial ?(x). T(x) is supplied to a key equation solving unit 32 which solves the key equation to calculate an error locator polynomial ?(x) and an errata evaluator polynomial ?(x). These polynomials ?(x), ?(x) and ?(x) form three inputs to polynomial evaluators 52–56 and a Forney block 62 for determining the location and magnitude of each symbol error and symbol erasure, allowing the received codeword to be corrected in a correction block 72. Optionally, a transform block 42 is provided to avoid unnecessary delay and improve throughput when decoding shortened codewords.

Abstract: A method of invoking a service of a Web service provider using a client terminal comprises obtaining a template WSDL binding definition, communicating with the Web service to request the generation of a concrete WSDL binding and invoking the Web service using the concrete WSDL binding. A method is also provided for a Web services provider to provide asynchronous callback messages to a client, as well as the client and Web server apparatus.

Abstract: An information storage device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the information storage device includes first and second memory cells which store complementary first and second logic states. An error detection system coupled to the first and second memory cells is configured to indicate an error if a difference between a first current flowing through the first memory cell and a second current flowing through the second memory cell is less than a predefined value.

Abstract: An MRAM solid-state storage device is disclosed having at least one array of magnetoresistive storage cells.

Abstract: An information storage device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the information storage device includes first and second memory cells which store complementary first and second logic states. An error detection system coupled to the first and second memory cells is configured to indicate an error if a difference between a first current flowing through the first memory cell and a second current flowing through the second memory cell is less than a predefined value.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive solid-state storage device (MRAM) employs error correction coding (ECC) to form ECC encoded stored data. A linear error correction block code such as a Reed-Solomon code forms codewords having a plurality of symbols. In almost all cases, a corrected codeword is formed by error correction decoding a read codeword in a standard first decoder arranged to reliably identify and correct up to a predetermined number of failed symbols, or else determine an unrecoverable error. Error correction decoding of the read codeword is then attempted in a stronger second decoder, ideally being a maximum likelihood decoder arranged to form one or more closest corrected codewords.

Abstract: Existing on-line systems for placing orders for, and delivery of, digital products or on-line services often enable an on-line company to assemble profiles of customers. The invention is concerned with enabling substantially anonymous purchases of media products or other products (or access to an on-line service) to be made on-line. In order to initiate a purchasing session, consisting of one or more purchasing transactions, the purchaser authenticates himself to a home provider computer (3) which then allots an anonymous client identifier (clientID) to the client for the purposes of that session. The purchaser (1) contacts a vendor computer (6), using the anonymous identifier (clientID) and an anonymising HTTP proxy, in order to place an order for one or more products or services for which the vendor computer has the right to authorise delivery.

Abstract: Encryption of documents is used to restrict access to such documents to those users who have the appropriate decryption keys. The encryption of documents on public web servers hitherto has prevented indexing by search engines. By keeping words and possible sentences or paragraphs intact in the encrypted document but re-ordering elements of the document to prevent the document being human-readable, the possibility of encrypted documents being indexed by search engines is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in an internet service provider environment (10), for providing internet (20) access to a plurality of subscriber environments. A packet intended for a destination subscriber environment is discriminated to deny the packet if it is considered insecure. Performing this discrimination in the internet service provider environment (10) allows a centralized security service for a large number of subscriber environments (30) each having internet access through the internet service provider environment (10). Each subscriber environment (30) is maintained in a secure state to inhibit subversion such as by malicious attacks, even where the subscriber environment (30) is allocated a static IP address and maintains connection for a relatively long duration session. Also, technical expertise required of a subscriber operating the subscriber environment (30) is minimized.