Abstract: A system for coating to tablets or other articles includes an elongate pan for retaining a bed of articles, a coating discharge system comprising a plurality of individually-controlled spray zones located linearly along said pan, and a means for distributing said articles along the pan wherein the full surface of all of said articles is exposed to said spray. A controller is programmed to operate the system to initiate a batch mode start-up sequence to coat an initial load of articles, a continuous, or a shut-down sequence, by controlling the dispensing of coating fluid on a zonal basis, and optionally controlling the distribution of articles in the pan and their discharge by controlling the effective height of a weir and the degree of tilt of the system.

Abstract: A system for coating tablets and other small articles is provided. The system is comprised of an elongate housing containing a drum journalled for rotation about a horizontal axis. The drum has two open ends that receive and discharge a supply of tablets respectively. The drum is rotated about the axis by a drive means to tumble the tablets and advance the tablets through the drum. The system also includes a system for delivering a selected amount of coating to the tablets while they are being tumbled and a feeder for continually feeding tablets at a first end of the housing. The system employs a weir plate for maintaining a depth of tablets within the drum and for controlling the time that the tablets remain in the drum. The system has a tablet discharge region for receiving tablets for discharge.

Abstract: A system for coating tablets and other small articles is provided, comprising a housing, a drum or other pan within said housing for retaining a bed of coatable articles, and a coating dispenser for dispensing coating from a source onto the bed. The dispenser includes an extendible support member and opposing spray assemblies in end to end linear relation overhead of the pan. The spray assemblies include an elongate nozzle support, an array of spray nozzles mounted to the nozzle support for connection to a source of pressurized coating fluid and optionally to a source of compressed air, and an arm at an end of the nozzle support connecting the nozzle support to the extendible support member. The support member is extendible in length to permit retraction of at least one of the assemblies independently of the other assembly.

Abstract: A system for coating tablets and other small articles is provided. The system is comprised of an elongate housing containing a drum journalled for rotation about a horizontal axis. The drum has two open ends that receive and discharge a supply of tablets respectively. The drum is rotated about the axis by a drive means to tumble the tablets and advance the tablets through the drum. The system also includes a system for delivering a selected amount of coating to the tablets while they are being tumbled and a feeder for continually feeding tablets at a first end of the housing. The system employs a weir plate for maintaining a depth of tablets within the drum and for controlling the time that the tablets remain in the drum. Finally, the system has a tablet discharge region for receiving tablets for discharge.

Abstract: A conical anode X-ray source with a spot size approximately one tenth of the size of existing mammography devices. The source produces the same or higher radiance than the prior art. It also produces almost no high-energy Bremstrahlung. The electron beam is directed into a conical anode so that it strikes the reflecting surface at an angle which produces total internal reflection. The X-rays emitted via the reflection would ordinarily exit the small end of the conical anode in a diverging conical pattern—producing an undesirable “ring” configuration at the image plane. A homogenizing optic is therefore preferably added to the small end of the conical anode. The homogenizing optic is sized to reflect the X-rays emerging from the conical anode and thereby create a uniform “spot” source at the far end of the homogenizing optic.

Abstract: A method of making graphene sheets having a desired thickness. The method starts with Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (“HOPG”). A plurality of graphene layers are pulled off of the HOPG and attached to a substrate. An adhesive device is then used to pull a selected number of graphene layers off of the HOPG sample attached to the substrate. The number of layers selected determines the thickness of the graphene sheet produced. The graphene sheet has many applications. It is particularly suitable as an X-ray window.

Abstract: A conical anode X-ray source with a spot size approximately one tenth of the size of existing mammography devices. The source produces the same or higher radiance than the prior art. It also produces almost no high-energy Bremstrahlung. The electron beam is directed into a conical anode so that it strikes the reflecting surface at an angle which produces total internal reflection. The X-rays emitted via the reflection would ordinarily exit the small end of the conical anode in a diverging conical pattern—producing an undesirable “ring” configuration at the image plane. A homogenizing optic is therefore preferably added to the small end of the conical anode. The homogenizing optic is sized to reflect the X-rays emerging from the conical anode and thereby create a uniform “spot” source at the far end of the homogenizing optic.

Abstract: An X-ray spectrometer that collects a very large solid angle of emitted X-rays from a sample but “views” only a narrow portion of the X-rays at a time. The invention uses a moving detector, which moves along the optical axis, to count or collect X-rays from within narrow wavelength regions.

Abstract: A system for coating tablets and other small articles is provided. The system is comprised of an elongate housing containing a drum journalled for rotation about a horizontal axis. The drum has two open ends that receive and discharge a supply of tablets respectively. The drum is rotated about the axis by a drive means to tumble the tablets and advance the tablets through the drum. The system also includes a system for delivering a selected amount of coating to the tablets while they are being tumbled and a feeder for continually feeding tablets at a first end of the housing. The system employs a weir plate for maintaining a depth of tablets within the drum and for controlling the time that the tablets remain in the drum. Finally, the system has a tablet discharge region for receiving tablets for discharge.

Abstract: An apparatus directing x-rays along a predetermined axis includes an x-ray optic having one or more nested x-ray reflector rings positioned relative to a source generating broad spectrum x-rays so that generated x-rays moving away from the predetermined axis are collected by the reflector incident at or close to a Bragg angle to thereby reflect the collected x-rays into a conically parallel beam. A first diffractor is positioned relative to the x-ray optic to receive incident thereon the conically parallel beam, the first diffractor selected from a truncated cone and a cylinder and diffracting the conically parallel beam toward the predetermined axis. A second diffractor is positioned relative to the first diffractor and having a geometry effective to receive incident thereon and redirect the conically parallel beam along the predetermined axis as a collimated beam of substantially parallel x-rays.

Abstract: A mixing device for tablets includes a rotating drum including front and rear end walls, with the front end wall having a central mouth to receive and discharge the drum contents. One or more ribbon-like baffles are mounted to the inside surface of the front wall, with the baffle having a distal end which partly occludes the drum opening. The baffles are mounted at an angle such that when the drum is rotating in one direction they tend to direct the contents of the drum towards the opening of the drum to discharge the drum contents in a series of successive drum rotations, while when the drum is rotated in the opposite direction the baffles tend to direct the contents of the drum away from the drum opening. One or more curved ribs mounted to the inside surface of the drum body at an angle may be provided to cooperate in the tablet mixing and discharge phases.

Abstract: A combination wavelength and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer comprising a point source of isotropic x-rays, a collimator to collect a large flux of x-rays and to redirect them into a substantially parallel beam, dispersing element means having a plurality of diffracting surfaces to reflect and diffract the parallel beam of x-rays into its component wavelength spectrum, controller means to alter the orientation of the dispersing element relative to the beam of x-rays, position tracking means to identify the orientation of the dispersing element and to provide data output, detector means to receive the reflected beam and to quantify its energy spectrum, wavelength spectrum and to provide data output, data display means to exhibit and record the output provided.