Abstract: A device and process for using the device are provided for the production of commodity chemicals by biological methods which require the addition of reducing equivalents. The device allows operating conditions to be conveniently altered to achieve maximal electrochemical efficiencies for a given biologically mediated redox reaction, series of reactions, or fermentation process.

Abstract: A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

Abstract: A device and process for using the device are provided for the production of commodity, specialty, performance or fine chemicals by redox enzyme systems which require the addition of reducing equivalents. The device allows operating conditions to be conveniently altered to achieve maximal electrochemical efficiencies for a given enzymatically mediated redox reaction or series of reactions.

Abstract: Provided herein are composition and process for using an electrochemical device for the reduction of the oxidized state of phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the reduced state in which unwanted products of the electrochemical reduction are recovered as the oxidized state of the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and returned to the electrochemical device for reduction.

Abstract: Provided herein a re composition and process for using an electrochemical device for the reduction of the oxidized state of phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the reduced state in which unwanted products of the electrochemical reduction are recovered as the oxidized state of the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and returned to the electrochemical device for reduction.

Abstract: A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

Abstract: A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

Abstract: Provided herein a re composition and process for using an electrochemica 1 device for the reduction of the oxidized state of phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the reduced state in which unwanted products of the electrochemical reduction are recovered as the oxidized state of the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and returned to the electrochemical device for reduction.

Abstract: Provided herein is process and system for the production of high-quality lignin by treating the post-fermentation solids. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a novel process comprising: providing a solid material remaining at the end of a fermentation process, wherein the fermentation process utilizes a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock; extracting lignin from the solid material into a liquid phase; and recovering lignin from liquid phase. In some embodiments, the fermentation process produces one or more of ethanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, lactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol. In one embodiment's, the fermentation process produces ethanol.

Abstract: A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

Abstract: A device and process for using the device are provided for the production of commodity, specialty, performance or fine chemicals by redox enzyme systems which require the addition of reducing equivalents. The device allows operating conditions to be conveniently altered to achieve maximal electrochemical efficiencies for a given enzymatically mediated redox reaction or series of reactions.

Abstract: A device and process for using the device are provided for the production of commodity chemicals by biological methods which require the addition of reducing equivalents. The device allows operating conditions to be conveniently altered to achieve maximal electrochemical efficiencies for a given biologically mediated redox reaction, series of reactions, or fermentation process.

Abstract: A transceiver module is configured for insertion within a cage. The cage has a cage latch that retains the transceiver module in the cage. The transceiver module has a housing configured to receive any one of at least two different release mechanisms. Each of the release mechanisms is movable between a first position and a second position, wherein the cage latch is not deflected when the release mechanism is in the first position, and wherein the cage latch is deflected when the release mechanism is in the second position such that the transceiver module can be removed from the cage.

Abstract: A solid concentrate composition for use in promoting chain extension within a polymer, and corresponding method, includes a chain extender and a non-reactive carrier resin or a co-reactive carrier resin. The concentrate composition prevents the premature reaction of the chain extender within a molding apparatus, increasing the dispersion of the chain extender throughout the polymer, and thereby preventing gelation and promoting homogeneous chain extension.

Abstract: A mode indicator for use with a transceiver module includes a colored plastic button having an engagement feature configured for attachment to a corresponding transceiver module engagement feature.

Abstract: A solid concentrate composition for use in promoting chain extension within a polymer, and corresponding method, includes a chain extender and a non-reactive carrier resin or a co-reactive carrier resin. The concentrate composition prevents the premature reaction of the chain extender within a molding apparatus, increasing the dispersion of the chain extender throughout the polymer, and thereby preventing gelation and promoting homogeneous chain extension.

Abstract: An optical subassembly for aligning an optical fiber with a light emitting device includes a fiber optic stub mounted in a ferrule and a v-groove device coupled to the ferule with a loose end of the fiber optic stub lying in the v-groove device. The other end of the fiber optic stub is polished. According to methods contemplated by the invention, the ferrule is mounted in a ring which is welded to a light emitting subassembly. The unpolished loose end of the fiber optic stub self-aligns with a mating fiber in the v-groove device. According to the presently preferred embodiment, the v-groove device is provided with s-bends which aid in self-alignment between the loose fibers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing Bernoulli stabilization to flexible media in an information storage system, are shown to include a stabilizer having a body on which a first surface is formed of a contour sufficient to provide Bernoulli stabilization to media passing thereover. The stabilizer is positioned so that the first surface is proximate backside of the media. In one embodiment, the first surface has a number of grooves which channel air passing between the first surface and the backside. In those situations where the flexible media includes two flexible disks, each having an active side and a backside and where the disks are oriented so that the backsides face one another, the body further includes a second surface of a contour sufficient to provide Bernoulli stabilization to media passing thereover. In such situations the stabilizer is positioned between the disks.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of (2R,3S)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)glycidic acids and esters thereof, which are synthetic intermediates for the production of the calcium antagonist diltiazem. The method involves the stereoselective enzymatic ester hydrolysis of racemic trans-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)glycidic acid ester to yield the resolved 2R,3S compound as the ester. Membrane reactor methods and apparatus for the conduct of this enzymatic resolution process are also disclosed herein, as is the use of bisulfite anion in the aqueous reaction phase as a means of minimizing the inhibitory effect of an aldehyde reaction by-product on the reaction's progress.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions of matter which are esters with enhanced water solubility, for use in aqueous enzymatic resolution reactions of racemic mixtures of these esters for producing the separate chiral isomers of the racemic mixture. The invention also relates to novel methods for preparing these esters. The importance of the production of the separate chiral isomers of the racemic mixtures resides in the isolation of the isomers which frequently have different biological activities. Of particular significance regarding the water soluble esters of this invention is that they are derivatized with groups which enhance their aqueous solubility and their reactivity with enzymatic resolving methods which are mediated in an aqueous environment.