Abstract: A method for combined cycle electrical power generation is disclosed wherein electrical power is generated by an electrical generator driven by a gas turbine, which is in turn driven by two gaseous products of a coal gasification process. The first gaseous product is produced with hot char by the reduction of a coal/water slurry by stream in a gasifier. The second gaseous product is produced by oxidation of the hot char in a combustor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved CO.sub.2 acceptor process for the gasification of carbonaceous solids to produce H.sub.2, CO and CH.sub.4. In the process a hot calcined CO.sub.2 acceptor solid and a carbonaceous solid are contacted in countercurrent plug-like flow in a gasification vessel filled with packing or other suitable internals. The CO.sub.2 acceptor flows downwardly through the vessel in a fluidized state, countercurrent to entrained carbonaceous solid flowing upwardly through said vessel. The heat of gasification is provided by sensible heat transfer from the calcined CO.sub.2 acceptor solid to the carbonaceous solid and by the exothermic heat of reaction of the calcined CO.sub.2 acceptor with CO.sub.2 generated in the process.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for the retorting of oil shale or other similar hydrocarbon containing solids. Heat carrier particles at an elevated temperature are introduced into an upper portion of a retort and pass downwardly therethrough, fluidized by an upwardly flowing non-oxidizing gas introduced in a lower portion of the retort. The hydrocarbon-containing solids are introduced into an intermediate portion of the retort; a first portion thereof being entrained by the gas and flowing upwardly through the retort and a second portion thereof being fluidized by the gas and flowing downwardly through said retort. Retorted fluidized solids and heat carrier particles are removed from a lower portion of the retort and a product stream of hydrocarbon vapors mixed with the entrained retorted solids and fluidizing gas is recovered overhead.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for contacting at least two solids and a fluid, particularly for retorting and/or gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal, coke, shale or tar sands by introducing a solid heat-transfer material into an upper portion of a treatment or contacting zone and a solid carbonaceous material into a lower portion of the treatment or contacting zone. The solid heat carrier is fluidized by an upflowing gas and moves downwardly, while the solid carbonaceous materials are entrained and move upwardly. The fluidizing gas may be inert or reactive. Substantially countercurrent plug flow of the two solids in the treatment or contacting zone is maintained by including means for preventing back mixing, such as a packing material filling the treatment or contacting zone.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus are disclosed for the retorting or gasification of hydrocarbon-containing solids such as oil shale, coal, tar sands, etc., wherein the solids are retorted or gasified in a combined entrained and fluidized bed. A solid fluidized heat-transfer material flows downwardly through a conversion zone. Subdivided hydrocarbon-containing solids are introduced into a central portion of the conversion zone, with smaller particles of the solids being entrained and moving upwardly through the conversion zone countercurrent to the flow of the fluidized heat-transfer material, and larger particles of the solids being fluidized and moving downwardly through the conversion zone concurrent with the flow of the heat-transfer material. A fluidizing gas is injected into a lower portion of the conversion zone and a portion of the solids is combusted, providing the necessary heat for the conversion reactions.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus are disclosed for the retorting or gasification of hydrocarbon-containing solids such as oil shale, coal, tar sands, etc., wherein the solids are retorted or gasified in a combined entrained and fluidized bed. A solid fluidized heat-transfer material flows downwardly through a conversion zone. Subdivided hydrocarbon-containing solids are introduced into a central portion of the conversion zone, with smaller particles of the solids being entrained and moving upwardly through the conversion zone countercurrent to the flow of the fluidized heat-transfer material, and larger particles of the solids being fluidized and moving downwardly through the conversion zone concurrent with the flow of the heat-transfer material. A fluidizing gas is injected into a lower portion of the conversion zone and a portion of the solids is combusted, providing the necessary heat for the conversion reactions.