Abstract: A neutron detector comprises one or more neutron detector modules (20). Each neutron detector module (20) comprises a neutron moderating block (22) having a plurality of neutron detector blades (2) embedded therein. Each neutron detector blade (2) is generally planar and comprises conversion layers on either side of a light-guiding sheet (8). Each conversion layer (4a, 4b) comprises a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material. This light-guiding sheet (8) is arranged to receive photons emitted from the scintillation material. A photodetector (10) is optically coupled to the light-guide (8) and arranged to detect photons generated in the conversion layers (4a, 4b) as a result of neutron absorption events and received into the light-guiding sheet (8).

Abstract: A gamma ray detector is described. The detector comprises a plastic scintillation body for receiving gamma rays and generating photons in response thereto. The scintillation body is in the form of a truncated cone defined by a base surface and an end surface separated along an axis of extent of the scintillation body with a lateral surface extending therebetween. A photodetector is optically coupled to the base surface of the scintillation body so as to detect photons generated by gamma ray interaction events within the scintillation body. A specular reflector is provided adjacent, but separated from, the lateral surface of the scintillation body so as to reflect photons that leave the scintillation body through the lateral surface back into the scintillation body.

Abstract: A gamma-ray detector for determining the direction to a source of gamma-rays is described. The detector comprises a first scintillation body coupled to a first photodetector and a second scintillation body coupled to a second photodetector, wherein the first scintillation body and the second scintillation body are arranged to be co-axial with a pointing axis of the detector. The detector further comprises a processing circuit arranged to receive output signals associated with the first and second photodetectors for a plurality of different orientations of the pointing axis of the detector relative to a reference direction. The processing circuit is further operable to determine a direction to the source of gamma-rays relative to the reference direction based on output signals associated with the first and second photodetectors for the plurality of different orientations of the pointing axis of the detector relative to the reference direction.

Abstract: A neutron detector comprises one or more neutron detector modules (20). Each neutron detector module (20) comprises a neutron moderating block (22) having a plurality of neutron detector blades (2) embedded therein. Each neutron detector blade (2) is generally planar and comprises conversion layers on either side of a light-guiding sheet (8). Each conversion layer (4a, 4b) comprises a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material. This light-guiding sheet (8) is arranged to receive photons emitted from the scintillation material. A photodetector (10) is optically coupled to the light-guide (8) and arranged to detect photons generated in the conversion layers (4a, 4b) as a result of neutron absorption events and received into the light-guiding sheet (8).

Abstract: A neutron spectrometer is described. The neutron detector comprises a conversion layer provided on an outer surface of a spherical core of neutron-moderating material. The conversion layer comprises a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material. The spherical core is arranged to receive photons emitted from the phosphor material of the conversion layer. The neutron detector further comprises a photodetector optically coupled to the spherical core and arranged to detect the photons emitted from the conversion layer.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a neutron detector. The neutron detector comprises a conversion layer comprising a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material; and a photodetector optically coupled to the conversion layer and arranged to detect photons generated as a result of neutron absorption events in the conversion layer; wherein the apparatus is adapted to be carried by a user and the conversion layer is positioned within the neutron detector such that when the apparatus is being carried by a user in normal use neutrons are absorbed in the conversion layer after passing through the user such that the user's body provides a neutron moderating effect. In some cases the apparatus may be carried in association with a backpack or clothing worn by a user, for example, the neutron detector may be sized to fit in a pocket. In other cases the apparatus may be a hand-held device with the conversion layer arranged within a handle of the device to be gripped by a user when being carried.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a neutron detector. The neutron detector comprises a conversion layer comprising a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material; and a photodetector optically coupled to the conversion layer and arranged to detect photons generated as a result of neutron absorption events in the conversion layer; wherein the apparatus is adapted to be carried by a user and the conversion layer is positioned within the neutron detector such that when the apparatus is being carried by a user in normal use neutrons are absorbed in the conversion layer after passing through the user such that the user's body provides a neutron moderating effect. In some cases the apparatus may be carried in association with a backpack or clothing worn by a user, for example, the neutron detector may be sized to fit in a pocket. In other cases the apparatus may be a hand-held device with the conversion layer arranged within a handle of the device to be gripped by a user when being carried.

Abstract: A neutron detector comprises one or more neutron detector modules (20). Each neutron detector module (20) comprises a neutron moderating block (22) having a plurality of neutron detector blades (2) embedded therein. Each neutron detector blade (2) is generally planar and comprises conversion layers on either side of a light-guiding sheet (8). Each conversion layer (4a, 4b) comprises a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material. This light-guiding sheet (8) is arranged to receive photons emitted from the scintillation material. A photodetector (10) is optically coupled to the light-guide (8) and arranged to detect photons generated in the conversion layers (4a, 4b) as a result of neutron absorption events and received into the light-guiding sheet (8).

Abstract: A calibration source for a gamma-ray spectrometer is provided, comprising a scintillator body having a cavity in which a radioactive material is received. A scintillator body may be cuboid and the cavity may be a hole drilled into the scintillator body. The radioactive material comprises an isotope having a decay transition associated with emission of a radiation particle and a gamma-ray of known energy. A photodetector is optically coupled to the scintillator body and arranged to detect scintillation photons generated when radiation particles emitted from the radioactive material interact with the surrounding scintillator. A gating circuit is arranged to receive detection signals to generate corresponding gating signals for a data acquisition circuit of an associated gamma-ray spectrometer to indicate that gamma-ray detections in the gamma-ray spectrometer occurring within a time window defined by the gating signal are associated with a decay transition in the radioactive isotope.

Abstract: A gamma ray detector is described. The detector comprises a plastic scintillation body for receiving gamma rays and generating photons in response thereto. The scintillation body is in the form of a truncated cone defined by a base surface and an end surface separated along an axis of extent of the scintillation body with a lateral surface extending therebetween. A photodetector is optically coupled to the base surface of the scintillation body so as to detect photons generated by gamma ray interaction events within the scintillation body. A specular reflector is provided adjacent, but separated from, the lateral surface of the scintillation body so as to reflect photons that leave the scintillation body through the lateral surface back into the scintillation body.

Abstract: A system and method for recording analog signals exchanged between a telephone device and a VoIP device, capturing packets exchanged between the VoIP device and an IP network, determining analog time values corresponding to analog characteristics of the analog signals, determining digital time values corresponding to digital characteristics of the packets, determining a common reference time for the analog time values and digital time values and determining a processing delay based on the analog time values and the digital time values.

Abstract: A gamma-ray detector for determining the direction to a source of gamma-rays is described. The detector comprises a first scintillation body coupled to a first photodetector and a second scintillation body coupled to a second photodetector, wherein the first scintillation body and the second scintillation body are arranged to be co-axial with a pointing axis of the detector. The detector further comprises a processing circuit arranged to receive output signals associated with the first and second photodetectors for a plurality of different orientations of the pointing axis of the detector relative to a reference direction. The processing circuit is further operable to determine a direction to the source of gamma-rays relative to the reference direction based on output signals associated with the first and second photodetectors for the plurality of different orientations of the pointing axis of the detector relative to the reference direction.

Abstract: An apparatus is described.

Abstract: A neutron spectrometer is described. The spectrometer includes a first conversion screen (8) comprising a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material, a first wavelength-shifting light-guide (14) arranged to receive photons from the phosphor material of the first conversion screen and generate wavelength-shifted photons therefrom and a first photodetector (22) optically coupled to the first wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wave-length-shifted photons. The spectrometer further includes a second conversion screen (12) comprising a neutron absorbing material and a phosphor material, a second wavelength-shifting light-guide (16) arranged to receive photons from the phosphor material of the second conversion screen and generate wavelength-shifted photons there-from, and a second photodetector (24) optically coupled to the second wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wave-length-shifted photons.

Abstract: A system and method for recording analog signals exchanged between a telephone device and a VoIP device, capturing packets exchanged between the VoIP device and an IP network, determining analog time values corresponding to analog characteristics of the analog signals, determining digital time values corresponding to digital characteristics of the packets, determining a common reference time for the analog time values and digital time values and determining a processing delay based on the analog time values and the digital time values.

Abstract: A calibration source for a gamma-ray spectrometer is provided. The calibration source comprises a scintillator body having a cavity in which a radioactive material is received. The scintillator body may be generally cuboid and the cavity may be formed by a hole drilled into the scintillator body. The radioactive material comprises a radioactive isotope having a decay transition associated with emission of a radiation particle and a gamma-ray having a known energy e.g. Na-22. A photodetector, for example a silicon photomultiplier, is optically coupled to the scintillator body and arranged to detect scintillation photons generated when radiation particles emitted from the radioactive material interact with the surrounding scintillator bod.

Abstract: A system and method for recording analog signals exchanged between a telephone device and a VoIP device, capturing packets exchanged between the VoIP device and an IP network, determining analog time values corresponding to analog characteristics of the analog signals, determining digital time values corresponding to digital characteristics of the packets, determining a common reference time for the analog time values and digital time values and determining a processing delay based on the analog time values and the digital time values.

Abstract: An apparatus is described.

Abstract: A radiation detector for neutrons and gamma-rays includes a conversion screen comprising a mixture of a neutron absorbing material, e.g., containing 6Li, and a phosphorescent material, e.g., ZnS(Ag) and a wavelength-shifting light-guide arranged to receive photons emitted from the phosphorescent material and generate wavelength-shifted photons therefrom. The wavelength-shifting light-guide is doped so as to form a gamma-ray scintillator material operable to generate scintillation photons in response to a gamma-ray detection event therein. A photodetector is optically coupled to the wavelength-shifting light-guide and arranged to detect the wavelength-shifted photons and the scintillation photons. Signals from the photodetector are processed to distinguish neutron detection events from gamma-ray detection events.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture to cancel echo for a communication path having long bulk delays are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes determining a first location of a first coefficient having a largest magnitude of a first plurality of magnitudes associated with a first plurality of coefficients of a first phase; determining a second location of a second coefficient having a largest magnitude of a second plurality of magnitudes associated with a second plurality of coefficients of a second phase different than the first phase; comparing a difference between the first and second locations to a threshold; and, when the difference is less than the threshold, selecting a first offset based on a greater of the magnitude of the first coefficient and the magnitude of the second coefficient; and cancelling an echo contained in a signal using the first offset.