Abstract: A biomarker detection apparatus in which a CMOS-based chip is used to generate independent detection signals from a reaction zone that receives a biological sample, where the biological sample is provided to both a test region and positive and negative control regions within the reaction zone. The independent detection signals can be processed together (i.e. as a group of input parameters for an algorithm) to identify the presence of a biomarker (or a plurality of biomarkers) in a biological sample. The use of sample-specific, independently detectable positive and negative controls facilitates improved detection accuracy.

Abstract: A CMOS-based chip having multiple sensing modalities that are able independently to detect multiple metabolites present in a sample. In particular, the chip provides multiple sensing modalities capable of performing detection within the same physical test volume, i.e. the chip can simultaneously detect a plurality of chemical reactions occurring in the test volume, where each chemical reaction yields a result that is independently detectable. The chip may comprise an optical sensor (e.g. photodiode) and a chemical sensor (e.g. pH sensor, embodied as an ISFET). With this technique, multiple metabolites may be measured in real time using a small scale point-of-care device.

Abstract: A CMOS-based chip having one or more sensing modalities that are able independently to detect multiple metabolites present in a biological sample. The multiple sensing modalities may be provided at different locations with respect to the chip, whereby the chip can simultaneously detect a plurality of metabolites by measuring behaviour of a test material in the different locations. The chip may utilise paper as a transport mechanism for the sample. The paper either conveys the sample to the different locations or itself provides discrete testing zones in which different metabolites can be independently detected. With this technique, multiple metabolites may be measured in real time using a small scale point-of-care device.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a field-effect transistor in which a native oxide layer is removed prior to etching a gate recess. The cleaning step ensures that the etch of the gate recess starts at the same time across an entire sample, such that a uniform gate recess depth and profile can be achieved across an array of field-effect transistors. This results in a highly uniform switch-off voltage for the field-effect transistors in the array.

Abstract: A CMOS-based chip having one or more sensing modalities that are able independently to detect multiple metabolites present in a biological sample. The multiple sensing modalities may be provided at different locations with respect to the chip, whereby the chip can simultaneously detect a plurality of metabolites by measuring behaviour of a test material in the different locations. The chip may utilise paper as a transport mechanism for the sample. The paper either conveys the sample to the different locations or itself provides discrete testing zones in which different metabolites can be independently detected. With this technique, multiple metabolites may be measured in real time using a small scale point-of-care device.

Abstract: A CMOS-based chip having multiple sensing modalities that are able independently to detect multiple metabolites present in a sample. In particular, the chip provides multiple sensing modalities capable of performing detection within the same physical test volume, i.e. the chip can simultaneously detect a plurality of chemical reactions occurring in the test volume, where each chemical reaction yields a result that is independently detectable. The chip may comprise an optical sensor (e.g. photodiode) and a chemical sensor (e.g. pH sensor, embodied as an ISFET). With this technique, multiple metabolites may be measured in real time using a small scale point-of-care device.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a field-effect transistor in which a native oxide layer is removed prior to etching a gate recess. The cleaning step ensures that the etch of the gate recess starts at the same time across an entire sample, such that a uniform gate recess depth and profile can be achieved across an array of field-effect transistors. This results in a highly uniform switch-off voltage for the field-effect transistors in the array.

Abstract: The invention provides a detector comprising a metamaterial absorber and a micro-bolometer arranged to detect terahertz (THz) radiation. The metamaterial absorber can absorb multiple frequency bands, from the infrared and the THz regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The detector is scalable to be suitable for use in a focal plane array. The invention also provides a hybrid of a plasmonic filter, e.g. for optical radiation, and a metamaterial absorber for terahertz (and/or infrared) radiation, to create a single material capable of absorbing narrow band terahertz radiation and filtering radiation in another part of the spectrum, e.g. optical radiation. Such material has great potential in future imaging technology where hybridization can maximize the spectral information density of an optical system.

Abstract: The invention provides a detector comprising a metamaterial absorber and a micro-bolometer arranged to detect terahertz (THz) radiation. The metamaterial absorber can absorb multiple frequency bands, from the infrared and the THz regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The detector is scalable to be suitable for use in a focal plane array. The invention also provides a hybrid of a plasmonic filter, e.g. for optical radiation, and a metamaterial absorber for terahertz (and/or infrared) radiation, to create a single material capable of absorbing narrow band terahertz radiation and filtering radiation in another part of the spectrum, e.g. optical radiation. Such material has great potential in future imaging technology where hybridisation can maximise the spectral information density of an optical system.

Abstract: A semiconductor device which displays an oscillating voltage due to the creation of charge domains which includes a plurality of semiconductor layers and at least two electrodes spaced from one another in the direction of the layers, an upper of which has a composition and/or dimensions predetermined so that a charge therein balances a depletion from a surface charge of the upper layer on application of a potential difference across said electrodes. The electrodes may be in contact solely with the upper layer. A method of manufacturing the device is also provided.

Abstract: A sensing device, apparatus and system, and method for operating the same are provided. The sensing apparatus includes a first module and a second module. The first module includes a controller, a transmitter and an array of sensor elements. The controller is capable of activating one or more sensor elements in the array independently of others in the array, in order to obtain a sensor output from the array at different times by using different sensor elements in said array. The transmitter is configured to transmit sensor data derived from the sensor output from the first module to a receiver of the second module. Each sensor element is a biological sensor for detecting the presence of the same analyte in the environment in which the sensor array is to be deployed.