Abstract: A process is disclosed for contacting at least two solids and a fluid, particularly for retorting and/or gasification of solid carbonaceous materials such as coal, coke, shale or tar sands by introducing a solid heat-transfer material into an upper portion of a treatment or contacting zone and a solid carbonaceous material into a lower portion of the treatment or contacting zone. The solid heat carrier is fluidized by an upflowing gas and moves downwardly, while the solid carbonaceous materials are entrained and move upwardly. The fluidizing gas may be inert or reactive. Substantially countercurrent plug flow of the two solids in the treatment or contacting zone is maintained by including means for preventing back mixing, such as a packing material filling the treatment or contacting zone.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus are disclosed for the retorting or gasification of hydrocarbon-containing solids such as oil shale, coal, tar sands, etc., wherein the solids are retorted or gasified in a combined entrained and fluidized bed. A solid fluidized heat-transfer material flows downwardly through a conversion zone. Subdivided hydrocarbon-containing solids are introduced into a central portion of the conversion zone, with smaller particles of the solids being entrained and moving upwardly through the conversion zone countercurrent to the flow of the fluidized heat-transfer material, and larger particles of the solids being fluidized and moving downwardly through the conversion zone concurrent with the flow of the heat-transfer material. A fluidizing gas is injected into a lower portion of the conversion zone and a portion of the solids is combusted, providing the necessary heat for the conversion reactions.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus are disclosed for the retorting or gasification of hydrocarbon-containing solids such as oil shale, coal, tar sands, etc., wherein the solids are retorted or gasified in a combined entrained and fluidized bed. A solid fluidized heat-transfer material flows downwardly through a conversion zone. Subdivided hydrocarbon-containing solids are introduced into a central portion of the conversion zone, with smaller particles of the solids being entrained and moving upwardly through the conversion zone countercurrent to the flow of the fluidized heat-transfer material, and larger particles of the solids being fluidized and moving downwardly through the conversion zone concurrent with the flow of the heat-transfer material. A fluidizing gas is injected into a lower portion of the conversion zone and a portion of the solids is combusted, providing the necessary heat for the conversion reactions.

Abstract: An improved multichannel CATV type television system includes a real time frame grabbing system for substantially instantaneously providing a selectable continuous video displayable frame of video information to a video interface, such as a row grabbing terminal, for providing a preselected continuous video displayable frame of the information to at least one of the channels as the video information content thereof from continuously transmittable information. The row grabbing terminal receives this information in the form of a plurality of pseudo video scan lines and processes the composite pseudo video scan lines for providing a video displayable row from each of the pseudo video scan line signals pertaining to the preselected frame for providing a selected continuous video displayable frame of dedicated information to a given channel.

Abstract: A process for removing metalliferous contaminants from a hydrocarbon feedstock is disclosed, comprising contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a solid, said solid consisting essentially of an inert particulate solid having an average pore size in the range of from 1,000 to 10,000 A, preferably 5,000 to 7,000, and a surface area in the range of from 1 to 20 m.sup.2 /gram, preferably 2 to 10 m.sup.2 /gram.