Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an approach for monitoring the output power of a VCSEL or VCSEL array in a relatively compact, low profile package. A VCSEL device or VCSEL package of the present disclosure may generally be configured with a photodiode for monitoring output power of one or more VCSELs. In some embodiments, one or more VCSEL devices may be arranged over or on a photodetector, such that the photodetector is configured to detect light emitted through a bottom of the VCSEL. In such embodiments, the VCSEL device may have a patterned bottom metal layer and/or an etched substrate to allow light to pass below or behind the VCSEL to the photodiode. In other embodiments, a photodetector may be arranged on a submount adjacent one or more VCSELs, and may be configured to detect light reflected via a diffuser in order to monitor output power.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an approach for monitoring the output power of a VCSEL or VCSEL array in a relatively compact, low profile package. A VCSEL device or VCSEL package of the present disclosure may generally be configured with a photodiode for monitoring output power of one or more VCSELs. In some embodiments, one or more VCSEL devices may be arranged over or on a photodetector, such that the photodetector is configured to detect light emitted through a bottom of the VCSEL. In such embodiments, the VCSEL device may have a patterned bottom metal layer and/or an etched substrate to allow light to pass below or behind the VCSEL to the photodiode. In other embodiments, a photodetector may be arranged on a submount adjacent one or more VCSELs, and may be configured to detect light reflected via a diffuser in order to monitor output power.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an approach for monitoring the output power of a VCSEL or VCSEL array in a relatively compact, low profile package. A VCSEL device or VCSEL package of the present disclosure may generally be configured with a photodiode for monitoring output power of one or more VCSELs. In some embodiments, one or more VCSEL devices may be arranged over or on a photodetector, such that the photodetector is configured to detect light emitted through a bottom of the VCSEL. In such embodiments, the VCSEL device may have a patterned bottom metal layer and/or an etched substrate to allow light to pass below or behind the VCSEL to the photodiode. In other embodiments, a photodetector may be arranged on a submount adjacent one or more VCSELs, and may be configured to detect light reflected via a diffuser in order to monitor output power.

Abstract: A system for performing real-time variance analysis of data measurements comprises a data source, and a data processing unit in operative communication with the data source. The data processing unit is configured to receive data measurement values output from the data source and comprises a processer, and a memory device that includes instructions executable by the processor for a real-time algorithm that performs variance calculations for the data measurement values. The real-time algorithm performs a process comprising: initializing a data array for tracking a variance of individual data measurement values received from the data source; receiving a data measurement value from the data source; determining the number of averaging times to be recalculated; and repeating the process when the next data measurement value is received from the data source. The data processing unit is configured to output real-time variance measurements based on the variance calculations for the data measurement values.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a packaging approach for ensuring that high power optical modules incorporating VCSELs and VCSEL arrays remain eye safe. A VCSEL device or VCSEL package of the present disclosure may generally be configured certifying an optical device as eye safe such that the device is able to survive a single failure mode. In other embodiments, a multiple lens array is arranged above the VCSEL, which scatters the light into a wide range of angles such that a higher percentage of light will reach the photodetector located beside the VCSEL. In other embodiments according to the present disclosure, one or more methods and circuits are provided to detect and correct errors or failures caused by one or more unsafe conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an approach for monitoring the output power of a VCSEL or VCSEL array in a relatively compact, low profile package. A VCSEL device or VCSEL package of the present disclosure may generally be configured with a photodiode for monitoring output power of one or more VCSELs. In some embodiments, one or more VCSEL devices may be arranged over or on a photodetector, such that the photodetector is configured to detect light emitted through a bottom of the VCSEL. In such embodiments, the VCSEL device may have a patterned bottom metal layer and/or an etched substrate to allow light to pass below or behind the VCSEL to the photodiode. In other embodiments, a photodetector may be arranged on a submount adjacent one or more VCSELs, and may be configured to detect light reflected via a diffuser in order to monitor output power.

Abstract: A system for performing real-time variance analysis of data measurements comprises a data source, and a data processing unit in operative communication with the data source. The data processing unit is configured to receive data measurement values output from the data source and comprises a processer, and a memory device that includes instructions executable by the processor for a real-time algorithm that performs variance calculations for the data measurement values. The real-time algorithm performs a process comprising: initializing a data array for tracking a variance of individual data measurement values received from the data source; receiving a data measurement value from the data source; determining the number of averaging times to be recalculated; and repeating the process when the next data measurement value is received from the data source. The data processing unit is configured to output real-time variance measurements based on the variance calculations for the data measurement values.

Abstract: A current sensor includes a transformer comprising a primary and a secondary, wherein the current sensor is operable to measure current in the primary. A sensing circuit is operable to detect an impedance of the secondary, where the impedance of the secondary changes with an amount of current in the primary and is used to indicate the current in the primary.

Abstract: A current sensor for sensing current in a primary source, including a primary conductor forming at least one winding on a first portion of a toroid formed from a magnetic material. A secondary source of electrical current from a signal forms a plurality of winding on a second portion of the toroid. An output reader measures the instantaneous loading of the signal passing through the plurality of windings as a function of the primary source current. The preferred toroid is formed from an amorphous core magnetic material having an hysteresis saturation point is much larger than the coercivity of the material and said primary source of electrical current is AC or DC current. The device includes an amplifier for receiving the signal and place an AC voltage or current on the plurality of windings, and further includes a resistor form measuring the resulting voltage or current instantaneous loading.

Abstract: A sensor device primarily for sensing current in a primary source, including a primary conductor forming at least one winding on a magnetic material toroid. A secondary source of electrical current from a signal having a frequency f1 forms a plurality of winding on the toroid. An output reader measures the instantaneous loading of the signal passing through the plurality of windings as a function of the primary source current. The device includes a resistor form measuring the resulting voltage or current instantaneous loading for detecting said resulting signal at the frequency twice that of f1 by demodulation of the signal to capture the resulting pulses, the polarity of the primary magnetic field being determined by the polarity of the resulting pulse aligned either at the rising or trailing slope of the applied signal at frequency f1. The primary source of electrical current is AC or DC current.

Abstract: A current sensor for sensing current in a primary source, including a primary conductor forming at least one winding on a first portion of a toroid formed from a magnetic material. A secondary source of electrical current from a signal forms a plurality of winding on a second portion of the toroid. An output reader measures the instantaneous loading of the signal passing through the plurality of windings as a function of the primary source current. The preferred toroid is formed from an amorphous core magnetic material having an hysteresis saturation point is much larger than the coercivity of the material and said primary source of electrical current is AC or DC current. The device includes an amplifier for receiving the signal and place an AC voltage or current on the plurality of windings, and further includes a resistor form measuring the resulting voltage or current instantaneous loading.

Abstract: A sensor device comprising a magnetic material having nonlinear magnetic properties within an ambient magnetic flux. The device includes a signal conductor carrying a compound applied electric signal having two frequencies f1 and f2 and coupled to the magnetic material with the ambient magnetic flux to produce a resulting signal. A primary conductor carries a primary current coupled to the magnetic material having nonlinear magnetic properties to change the magnetic flux of the magnetic material and produce the resulting signal. The magnetic material may be open ended or in the shape of a toroid. In the latter case, the device further includes a primary conductor for carrying a primary current coupled to the magnetic material having nonlinear magnetic properties to change the magnetic flux of the magnetic material and produce the resulting signal. The primary and signal conductors are preferably configured as windings on the toroid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for improving the textural appearance and desirable mouth feel of processed dough intermediates, such as cinnamon rolls or buns. The apparatus of the present invention is provided with an integral, arcuately configured cutting element within the individual dough modules to create an aesthetically pleasing textural effect to dough intermediates that manifests itself upon further processing of the dough intermediate prior to consumption.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor system having resistive elements changing in ohmic value in the presence of a magnetic field of a current being measured. The variant values of the elements are amplified by some electronics that inherently add offset to the resultant values. The elements themselves also add an offset. The output of the electronics is modulated and then buffered as an output. This output is demodulated and integrated. The resultant signal is fed back to the input of the electronics to null out the offsets. The output of the buffer also goes to an inductive coil that is magnetically coupled to the resistive elements to null out the magnetic field from the current being measured. The buffer output indicates the magnitude of the current being measured. An oscillator outputs a signal to actuate the modulator and the demodulator. The oscillator signal also goes to a set/reset circuit for setting and resetting the resistive elements of the magnetoresistive sensor.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor system having resistive elements changing in ohmic value in the presence of a magnetic field of a current being measured. The variant values of the elements are amplified by some electronics that inherently add offset to the resultant values. The elements themselves also add an offset. The output of the electronics is modulated and then buffered as an output. This output is demodulated and integrated. The resultant signal is fed back to the input of the electronics to null out the offsets. The output of the buffer also goes to an inductive coil that is magnetically coupled to the resistive elements to null out the magnetic field from the current being measured. The buffer output indicates the magnitude of the current being measured. An oscillator outputs a signal to actuate the modulator and the demodulator. The oscillator signal also goes to a set/reset circuit for setting and resetting the resistive elements of the magnetoresistive sensor.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor system having resistive elements changing in ohmic value in the presence of a magnetic field of a current being measured. The variant values of the elements are amplified by some electronics that inherently add offset to the resultant values. The elements themselves also add an offset. The output of the electronics is modulated and then buffered as an output. This output is demodulated integrated. The resultant signal is fed back to the input of the electronics to null out the offsets. The output of the buffer also goes to an inductive coil that is magnetically coupled to the resistive elements to null out the magnetic field from the current being measured. The buffer output indicates the magnitude of the current being measured. An oscillator outputs a signal to actuate the modulator and the demodulator. The oscillator signal also goes to a set/reset circuit for setting and resetting the resistive elements of the magnetoresistive sensor.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor system having resistive elements changing in ohmic value in the presence of a magnetic field of a current being measured. The variant values of the elements are amplified by some electronics that inherently add offset to the resultant values. The elements themselves also add an offset. The output of the electronics is modulated and then buffered as an output. This output is demodulated and integrated. The resultant signal is fed back to the input of the electronics to null out the offsets. The output of the buffer also goes to an inductive coil that is magnetically coupled to the resistive elements to null out the magnetic field from the current being measured. The buffer output indicates the magnitude of the current being measured. An oscillator outputs a signal to actuate the modulator and the demodulator. The oscillator signal also goes to a set/reset circuit for setting and resetting the resistive elements of the magnetoresistive sensor.