Abstract: A spectrophotometric instrument (1) for the quantitative measurement of an optical property of an analyte in a sample cell (4). The spectrophotometric instrument (1) comprises an instrument housing (2a, 2b) for a source of electromagnetic radiation and a detector; an optical pot (3) for accommodating the sample cell (4) having a flexible restraining cradle (6).

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present invention is directed to systems and methods that identify motional media content from the actual initially unknown program under review. Embodiments of the present invention identifies the content by searching a database to derive the relevant information about the owner, copyright holder and other pertinent facts such as copy and play permissions. It further provides methods for deriving the frame or picture count between shot or scene changes, the sequence of numbers or vectors having been already established from an original master or copy is provided. A system according to one or more embodiments of the present invention ensures that the probability of false negative or positive detection of the media is very small and then creates methods that reduce the information that is used to identify the media. A method according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is extremely robust against attempts of circumvention.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present invention is directed to a system and method that identifies motional media content from the actual initially unknown program under review. Embodiments of the present invention identifies the content by searching a database to derive the relevant information about the owner, copyright holder and other pertinent facts such as copy and play permissions. It further provides methods for deriving the frame or picture count and time between shot or scene changes, the sequence of measurements or vectors having been already established from an original master or copy is provided. Embodiments of the present invention identifies pictures of widely varying brightness, rapid movement, or flicker that could cause errors in the detection of cuts, particularly for establishing the identity of a low quality sources. Methods, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, improve the operation of the system for these types of media.

Abstract: A method authenticates at least one of a media and data stored on said media in order to prevent at least one of piracy, unauthorized access and unauthorized copying of the data stored on said media. At least one predetermined error is introduced with the data resulting in mixed data. The mixed data is optionally stored on the media. The at least one predetermined error includes at least one authentication key or component thereof, for authenticating whether the media and/or data is authorized. The method includes the following sequential, non-sequential and/or sequence independent steps: reading the mixed data from the media, detecting the at least one predetermined error from the mixed data, and comparing the at least one predetermined error to the at least one authentication key or component thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and system of marking data media products by introducing a predetermined tracing substance constituting a security marking into a polycarbonate (or polystyrene) composition during the manufacturing stages of the polycarbonate material into a data media, such as a compact disc (CD) or digital versatile disc (DVD). This marking technique is useful in tracking pirated data and/or sources, such as CDs or DVDs, to thereby prevent future pirating of data. Using mass spectrometry, specific types and/or quantities of isotopes of each tracing substance, on a structural level, are used to indicate a specific marking and product identity characteristics, such as a specific lot number, batch number, manufacturer identity, shipping date and the like. The security marking is preferably invisible to the naked eye. The security marking technique is also useful for tracking, authenticating and quality control purposes.

Abstract: A method of identifying electronic files comprising the steps of identifying a beginning of the content within a file being transmitted through a network, generating a tag based on content of the file, and comparing the tag to other tags in a database of tags to measure similarity between the tag and the other tags.