Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the generation of hydrogen peroxide from an electrochemical (EC) cell arrangement. One embodiment of the apparatus comprises an EC cell having anode and cathode electrodes with a cation exchange membrane disposed between them to form anode and cathode compartments. An aqueous salt solution is supplied to the anode compartment and water and oxygen are supplied to the cathode compartment. An electric potential applied across the anode and cathode electrodes initiates an electrochemical process that results in the formation of an acid anolyte solution in the anode compartment and an alkaline catholyte solution in the cathode compartment. The anolyte solution and the catholyte solution are combined in a neutralizing chamber to form a neutral aqueous solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, salt, and water. The hydrogen peroxide is separated from the neutral aqueous solution by conventional means.

Abstract: A real time in situ system and method for monitoring solutions, such as basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) and other laser fuel solutions, is provided. Raman spectroscopy is applied to a solution of interest to provide substantially real time and in situ characterization of the solution. In one embodiment, OOH? and H2O2 Raman peaks are monitored in real time and in situ for determination of BHP composition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the removal and purification of the water and salt by-products from spent BHP emitted from a lasing process. The apparatus comprises a liquid processing system that freezes the water and salt by-products into a slurry, and then separates out the water (as ice) and salt components by filtering in a centrifuge. In order to remove as much residual BHP from the wet mixed ice-salt component as possible, a heat source is used to partially melt ice crystals, thereby generating an aqueous rinsing liquid on the surface of the wet mixed ice-salt crystals. The applied centrifugal force causes a continual displacement of the liquid film wetting the surface, so that it becomes progressively diluted. As such, the purification of the mixture of ice and salt crystals is implemented with an aqueous (water) rinse that is unaffected by the sub-freezing temperatures within the centrifuge.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the removal and purification of the water and salt by-products from spent BHP emitted from a lasing process. The apparatus comprises a liquid processing system that freezes the water and salt by-products into a slurry, and then separates out the water (as ice) and salt components by filtering in a centrifuge. In order to remove as much residual BHP from the wet mixed ice-salt component as possible, a heat source is used to partially melt ice crystals, thereby generating an aqueous rinsing liquid on the surface of the wet mixed ice-salt crystals. The applied centrifugal force causes a continual displacement of the liquid film wetting the surface, so that it becomes progressively diluted. As such, the purification of the mixture of ice and salt crystals is implemented with an aqueous (water) rinse that is unaffected by the sub-freezing temperatures within the centrifuge.

Abstract: A solid generator laser provides device simplicity and fuel regeneration without relying upon highly-corrosive or unstable fuels. The laser system includes a fuel supply system that provides a solid fuel to a laser. The laser processes the fuel products to produce at least a solid waste product and a gaseous waste product. A fuels regeneration system receives the solid and gaseous wastes at a reagent production system to replenish the fuel products in the fuel supply system. Rather than relying upon corrosive fuels such as BHP, then, the laser suitably processes solid peroxide (e.g. Na2O2) and a halide (e.g. hydrogen or deuterium halide) to form a salt, water and singlet delta oxygen that may be used to induce a lasing effect. The processes and structures described herein may be used, for example, with chemical oxygen iodine lasers and the like.

Abstract: A real time in situ system and method for monitoring solutions, such as basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) and other laser fuel solutions, is provided. Raman spectroscopy is applied to a solution of interest to provide substantially real time and in situ characterization of the solution. In one embodiment, OOH? and H2O2 Raman peaks are monitored in real time and in situ for determination of BHP composition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the generation of hydrogen peroxide from an electrochemical (EC) cell arrangement. One embodiment of the apparatus comprises an EC cell having anode and cathode electrodes with a cation exchange membrane disposed between them to form anode and cathode compartments. An aqueous salt solution is supplied to the anode compartment and water and oxygen are supplied to the cathode compartment. An electric potential applied across the anode and cathode electrodes initiates an electrochemical process that results in the formation of an acid anolyte solution in the anode compartment and an alkaline catholyte solution in the cathode compartment. The anolyte solution and the catholyte solution are combined in a neutralizing chamber to form a neutral aqueous solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, salt, and water. The hydrogen peroxide is separated from the neutral aqueous solution by conventional means.

Abstract: A solid generator laser provides device simplicity and fuel regeneration without relying upon highly-corrosive or unstable fuels. The laser system includes a fuel supply system that provides a solid fuel to a laser. The laser processes the fuel products to produce at least a solid waste product and a gaseous waste product. A fuels regeneration system receives the solid and gaseous wastes at a reagent production system to replenish the fuel products in the fuel supply system. Rather than relying upon corrosive fuels such as BHP, then, the laser suitably processes solid peroxide (e.g. Na202) and a halide (e.g. hydrogen or deuterium halide) to form a salt, water and singlet delta oxygen that may be used to induce a lasing effect. The processes and structures described herein may be used, for example, with chemical oxygen iodine lasers and the like.

Abstract: A basic hydrogen peroxide composition is described, wherein the basic hydrogen peroxide is formed by mixing aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a mole ratio such that the resulting basic hydrogen peroxide composition does not crystallize when maintained at a temperature down to −21° C. The basic hydrogen peroxide composition is especially suitable for use with chemical oxygen iodine laser systems. The mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to potassium hydroxide corresponds to a composition represented by at least one location within a triangular region on a triangular phase diagram which is substantially bounded by the shortest line having coordinates (26.4, 16.0, 57.6), (62.3, 37.7, 0.0), and (46.8, 53.2, 0.0), wherein these coordinates correspond to the respective weight percentages of potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and water.

Abstract: Basic hydrogen peroxide used in chemical oxygen lasers can be produced using a lithium based lithium hydroxide with a lithium hydroxide makeup of the reacted basic hydrogen peroxide. Lithium hydroxide, water and hydrogen peroxide are mixed and 1) passed over a lithium hydroxide solid bed or 2) premixed with small particulate solid lithium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The basic hydrogen peroxide produced is chilled and stored cold until mixed with chlorine to produce singlet delta oxygen for use in the chemical oxygen iodine laser. The spent basic hydrogen peroxide is rejuvenated by passing it over a solid lithium hydroxide or in-situ solid particulate lithium hydroxides. After dissolution, the rejuvenated basic hydrogen peroxide is then reacted with chlorine to produce more singlet delta oxygen.

Abstract: A reactor for producing hot hydrogen in vacuo which in turn drives a power-generating device such as a turbine is disclosed. Within the reactor are injected heat-generating reactants such as beryllium and oxygen. The reactants heat hydrogen which in turn is delivered to a power-generating device such as a turbine.

Abstract: A dilution cooled lithium reactor for producing hot hydrogen which in turn drives a power-generating device such as a turbine is disclosed. Within the reactor are injected heat-generating reactants such as liquid lithium and liquid oxygen. The reactants combine to heat hydrogen which in turn is filtered and delivered to a power-generating device such as a turbine.

Abstract: A contactor/filter arrangement for removing particulate contaminants from a gaseous stream includes a housing having a substantially vertically oriented granular material retention member with upstream and downstream faces, a substantially vertically oriented microporous gas filter element, wherein the retention member and the filter element are spaced apart to provide a zone for the passage of granular material therethrough. The housing further includes a gas inlet means, a gas outlet means, and means for moving a body of granular material through the zone. A gaseous stream containing particulate contaminants passes through the gas inlet means as well as through the upstream face of the granular material retention member, passing through the retention member, the body of granular material, the microporous gas filter element, exiting out of the gas outlet means.