Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to potassium adenosine triphosphate (“KATP”) channel opening compositions. The present invention also relates to the use of KATP channel openers in therapeutic applications. The KATP channel opening compositions of the present invention include diazoxide (7-chloro-3-methyl-2H-1,2,4-benzo-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide) and aprikalim. According to the present invention, diazoxide and aprikalim can be used independently, or in combination. The present also relates to therapeutic methods for protecting neuronal function utilizing KATP channel openers. Methods of the present invention may be advantageous for protecting neuronal function, prior to medical procedures, after stroke-like events or other events associated with reductions in blood flow, and/or for preserving tissues or organs against cellular injury and death during removal, storage, transplantation or reattachment.