Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis and forming long polynucleotides. One exemplary method includes synthesizing a sense oligonucleotide; synthesizing an antisense oligonucleotide; annealing the sense and antisense oligonucleotides to form double stranded DNA (dsDNA); capping the ends of the dsDNA; cleaving the dsDNA wherein cleavage occurs at or near a Watson-Crick base pair mismatch; and digesting uncapped dsDNA. Another exemplary method includes synthesizing a first proofread double stranded DNA (dsDNA); synthesizing a second proofread dsDNA; and ligating the first proofread DNA with the second proofread DNA to form a long polynucleotide.

Abstract: Engineered microparticles, libraries of microparticles, and methods relating thereto. The microparticles are distinguishable based on differences in dielectric response to an applied electric field. In different embodiments, the dielectric differences may be engineered through, but not limited to, dielectrically dispersive materials, surface charge, and/or fluorescence. Gangliosides may be incorporated with the microparticles to control aggregation. Vesicles including erythrocyte ghosts may be used as a basis for microparticles. The microparticles may utilize a biotin streptavidin system for surface functionalization.