Abstract: A high speed zone refiner (10) includes a plurality of elongated heating elements (23) mounted side by side to provide a plurality of spaced elongated heating zones and a sample tray (44) for holding an impure organic specimen. The zone refiner also includes a motor (36) and cam (38) arrangement for cyclically moving the sample tray generally horizontally over the heat bed. The heat bed includes cool zones interspersed between the hot zones with the cool zones comprising a plurality of elongated cooling channels (14) also mounted in a side by side arrangement but alternating with the heating elements. The sample tray is sealed and having a bottom (58) of flexible metallic foil. Using the refiner, hot and cold zones are moved laterally within the impure organic specimen causing impurities to migrate to one end of the sample tray.

Abstract: A rotational viscometer is disclosed for measuring the viscosity of a rotating fluid. The viscometer includes a measurement disk that is positioned within the rotating fluid and is interconnected via a shaft with a measurement arm mounted within a housing. A light source is mounted within the housing and emits a beam of light onto one or more light receivers. The light receivers provide an output signal that is a function of the amount of light received. An end of the measurement arm is movably disposed between the light source and the light receivers. Pivoting of the measurement arm controls the amount of light received by the light receivers. A signal processor receives the output signals from the light receivers and determines a restorative signal therefrom. The restorative signal is provided to a balance coil which is located adjacent a permanent magnet. The balance coil generates an electromagnetic field as a, function of the restorative signal.

Abstract: A forced flow viscosity measuring apparatus includes within a housing (13), a thermostatic air chamber (11), a measurement capillary (38) and a needle (60) in fluid communication with the capillary each contained in the chamber, and a variable speed drive mechanism (14) which dries such needle into the liquid at a speed that maintains the pressure differential constant across the length of same measurement capillary to which is attached a pressure measuring device (30) and the needle (60), and a control circuit (50). The control circuit (50) computes viscosity as a function of sensed needle (60) velocity, sensed constant pressure differential and the parameters of the capillary.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring viscosity of liquids includes an external chamber (10) which encloses an internal chamber/duct (20) having an inlet (21) and an outlet (22). Internal chamber (20) houses a fan (30) for forcing air through the duct, a first heater (40) for heating air within the duct, a second heater (81/82) for heating air externally of the duct, a thermal ballast (50) for maintaining the temperature of the air in the duct constant, and a viscometer (72) for measuring viscosity of liquids.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring viscosity of liquids includes an external chamber (10) which encloses an internal chamber/duct (20) having an inlet (21) and an outlet (22). Internal chamber (20) houses a fan (30) for forcing air through the duct, a heater (40) for heating air to a desired temperature, a thermal ballast (50) for maintaining the temperature of the air in the duct constant, and a viscometer (72) for measuring viscosity of liquids.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the level of ammonia in air comprises a conduit through which air is flowed as an airstream past two ammonia sensors that straddle an ammonia absorber. The apparatus also comprises a signal processing circuit for comparing signals generated by the two ammonia sensors with the difference representing the level of ammonia present in the air.

Abstract: An air/fluid sensing device useful in apparatus for analyzing biological material. The device includes one or more light sources directed at a surface of a container defining an interface with the space enclosed thereby. Depending on whether fluid is present in or absent from the container at the location where said one or more light sources are directed to said surface, the light emanating from the sources will be refracted or reflected, thereby giving an indication of whether fluid is present or absent at said locations.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting the presence of a substance in a biological material carried in a cartridge. Suitable substances are applied to such material, and adhere thereto if the substance sought to be detected is present. Optical means are then used to provide a signal indicative of the presence of such substance. The invention has particular application in detecting whether a quantity of human blood serum is infected with disease.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the gasification of liquids employing a separable pressure vessel which is easily dismantled for cleaning. The pressure vessel is charged from a gas source and provided with a relief valve that prevents the charging pressure in the vessel from exceeding a maximum pressure. Gas is introduced into the pressure vessel through a sparging orifice with an end that is also easily removable for cleaning. The pressure vessel has an outlet employing a single piece dispensing lever which includes not only ribs for opening the valve at the base of the pressure vessel but also an integrally molded restoring spring which has a special configuration for consolidating many of the functions which required separate pieces in the prior art.

Abstract: Intravenous solution administration apparatus comprises a container having flexible walls and a cup mounted to one of the flexible walls within the container with an open cup end located distal the one wall. A cap is mounted to another one of the flexible walls within the container for movement into and out of sealing engagement with the cup open end. The container also has a channel by which fluid may be drawn from the container.

Abstract: A chromatograph detection system for differentiating pure components of a chromatogram for accurate measurement or collection of such components. The light beam passing through a single detector flow cell is split and absorbance is detected at two differing wavelengths. Undesirable overlapping components are eliminated by scaling the chromatogram at one wavelength to equal the chromatogram at the other wavelength, and then subtracting the chromatograms. Purity of component substances is determined by continuously dividing the chromatogram signals to determine the absorbance ratio and its characteristics over time.

Abstract: A continuous volume measuring device for measuring the cumulative volume of a flowing fluid. The device includes a pair of coupled expandable chambers, and the fluid flow is directed into a first chamber to expand it while the second chamber is contracting and expelling liquid therefrom, the expansion of the first chamber being measured to determine the volume of fluid being received therein. When a predetermined volume of liquid is received, a valve means diverts the fluid flow to fill the second chamber, the expansion of which is similarly measured, and the first chamber is emptied. In the preferred embodiment, the chambers are precision syringes.

Abstract: Particles suspended in a fluid medium are separated into isolated fractions by size by passing a suspension of such particles through an unobstructed passageway, the particles emerging from the passageway in decreasing order of size.

Abstract: Improved method and apparatus for injecting a predetermined amount of a sample liquid into a high pressure stream of carrier liquid for introduction into a liquid chromatography column, wherein the flow of high pressure carrier liquid in the column is maintained at a substantially constant pressure and rate of flow, including periodically accumulating a precise amount of sample liquid in a primary flow path of carrier liquid to the column while automatically diverting all of the carrier liquid into a secondary flow path to the column in response to a small increase in carrier liquid pressure upstream of the sample accumulation point. Also disclosed is a three position, rotary sample injection valve having improved sealing means for introducing a sample liquid into a high pressure carrier liquid.

Abstract: Sample introduction apparatus useful in liquid chromatography and including a valve body having at least one fluid passage of precisely defined volume to receive a sample material and having another fluid passage delivering carrier liquid to a liquid chromatograph. The valve body can be manipulated to place the precisely defined volume in the chromatograph fluid circuit, so that the sample contained within the volume is positively displaced into the chromatograph.

Abstract: Apparatus used in the field of liquid chromatography. There is disclosed pump apparatus for continuously delivering a flow of carrier liquid either at a constant rate of flow or at a constant pressure. The pump apparatus includes a pair of differential-piston pressure intensifiers which are sequentially operated so that the high-pressure sides of the pressure intensifiers sequentially supply carrier liquid to the chromatograph column. Each pressure intensifier is sequentially operated by a constant-rate of flow application of hydraulic liquid, with essentially pulseless operating transition between pressure intensifiers occurring during constant-pressure application of hydraulic liquid to both of the pressure intensifiers at a pressure measured during previous constant-volume hydraulic operation. An embodiment of the pump apparatus pumps plural carrier liquids in desired fixed or variable proportions.