Abstract: A novel enhanced surface area conico-cylindrical flask (ES-CCF) providing increased surface area by virtue of its' inner arrangement and useful in routine small-scale studies of bioactives production by any biofilm-forming marine as well as terrestrial microorganisms. Compared to corresponding Erlenmeyer flask of similar volume the ES-CCF provides more than 80% additional surface for biofilm attachment and growth. The ES-CCF does not require steam sterilization and is durable as the device is constructed of polymethyl methacrylate or any other such hydrophobic material and offers possibility of altering the nature of the growth surface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). The ES-CCF also provides external aeration like a bioreactor, thus increasing the versatility of applications. Further, the device can be operated as a cylindrical flask, that is without the inner arrangement.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for implementing multi-factor authentication may include 1) receiving, as part of a secondary authentication system, an authentication request from a client system, 2) redirecting the client system to first perform a first authentication with a primary authentication system in response to receiving the authentication request, 3) receiving an assertion of the first authentication from the client system that demonstrates that the first authentication was successful, and 4) performing a second authentication with the client system in response to receiving the assertion of the first authentication. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for implementing multi-factor authentication may include 1) receiving, as part of a secondary authentication system, an authentication request from a client system, 2) redirecting the client system to first perform a first authentication with a primary authentication system in response to receiving the authentication request, 3) receiving an assertion of the first authentication from the client system that demonstrates that the first authentication was successful, and 4) performing a second authentication with the client system in response to receiving the assertion of the first authentication. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel enhanced surface area conico-cylindrical flask (ES-CCF) providing increased surface area by virtue of its' inner arrangement and useful in routine small-scale studies of bioactives production by any biofilm-forming marine as well as terrestrial microorganisms. Compared to corresponding Erlenmeyer flask of similar volume the ES-CCF provides more than 80% additional surface for biofilm attachment and growth. The ES-CCF does not require steam sterilization and is durable as the device is constructed of polymethyl methacrylate or any other such hydrophobic material and offers possibility of altering the nature of the growth surface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). The ES-CCF also provides external aeration like a bioreactor, thus increasing the versatility of applications. Further, the device can be operated as a cylindrical flask, that is without the inner arrangement.

Abstract: A technique for observability based coverage of a design under test (DUT) is presented. A conventional simulation signal is augmented to include a “tag value.” In the course of a simulation, assignment statements (for which observability-based coverage is desired) “inject” tag values on their output signals. A tag value contains an identifier uniquely identifying the assignment statement that produced it. A tag value also contains a “tag history.” The tag history contains copies of the tag values for assignment statements earlier in the flow of control or in the flow of data. If a tag propagated through the DUT appears at an observable output, the circuit designer knows that the assignment statements it identifies have satisfied observability based coverage.