Abstract: An apparatus which is an integral hardware consisting of an annular downer reactor and a concentric upflow riser regenerator for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feed to is disclosed. The annular downer reactor terminates in annular stripper which is also concentric with the regenerator. The regenerator, reactor and stripper are in fluid connection with each other. The apparatus is highly compact and provides efficient contact between circulating catalyst and hydrocarbon feed. The proposed hardware includes a novel radial distributor for providing improved control and radial distribution of catalyst inside the downflow reactor. The radial distributor has equal numbers of stationary and movable parts placed one after another to cover the entire annular opening at the bottom of the regenerated catalyst vessel. The radial distributor is concentric with regenerator and located between the catalyst holding vessel and the reactor. A process for catalytic cracking using the invented apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor and a reactor furnace for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking treatment in a coker furnace and a coking drums, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock employing circulating fluidized bed reactor-regenerator configuration for maximizing the yield of propylene (C3 olefin) is disclosed. The apparatus comprises two reaction zones operating under different temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), one primary zone for cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock and other as secondary zone for cracking of C4 fraction produced from the cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock in the primary reaction zone, optionally admixed with C4 stream from external source. Two dedicated conduits equipped with valves for control of catalyst flow rate are provided to supply the hot catalyst from a common catalyst regeneration zone wherein the catalyst flowing though conduit connected to the secondary reaction zone is cooled employing a heat exchanging device.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to a feed nozzle assembly 100 for atomizing a heavy hydrocarbon feed by mixing the hydrocarbon feed with a diluent and an atomizing media. The feed nozzle assembly 100 includes at least one primary mixing chambers 101 for receiving the liquid hydrocarbon feed and the diluent to create a primary mixture. The primary mixture is than forwarded to a secondary mixing chamber 102. The secondary mixing chamber extends to a tertiary mixing chamber 103. A steam inlet 110 is provided to inject streams of steam to the secondary mixing chamber 102 and to the tertiary mixing chamber 103 through a first opening and a second opening, respectively, located within the steam inlet 110.

Abstract: The present subject matter describes a method and apparatus for operating a delayed coker. The method comprises contacting a vapour produced in a delayed coker-drum with a catalyst maintained in form of a bed, and maintaining a level of said catalyst-bed within pre-defined limits during catalytic-cracking of the vapour. Thereafter, the cracked-vapour is routed to a coker-fractionator column to trigger conversion into one or more hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid phase additive comprising an alkyl nitrate; a petroleum sulphonates; an aliphatic, aromatic, cyclohexylamines or hetroalkylated lower amines; a hindered phenol based compounds; a phosphate esters and an aliphatic alcohols for use in delayed coking process with decreased coke yield and increased yield of liquid and/or gaseous product and a process for preparing the liquid phase additive. The present invention also relates to a process for thermal cracking of petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products by using liquid phase additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a delayed coking process comprising a step of subjecting a mixed feed comprises residual heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and bio oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass of one or more of Jatropha, Cashew nut, Karanjia and Neem to a delayed coking process and a system for the delayed coking process.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a novel process for upgrading a residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock having a significant amount of Conradson Carbon Residue (concarbon), metals, especially vanadium and nickel, asphaltenes, sulfur impurities and nitrogen to a lighter more valuable hydrocarbon products by reducing or minimizing coke formation and by injecting fine droplets of oil soluble organo-metallic compounds at multiple elevations of the riser with varying dosing rates.

Abstract: This invention provides a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus and process for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing higher concentrations of Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR), metal impurities, etc into lighter products by employing two riser reactors in which the feed impurities are removed using an adsorbent in a first riser reactor and cracking a portion of first riser reactor liquid product in a second riser reactor to lighter products using the active catalyst thus eliminating the catalyst deactivation due to metal, impurities and FCC catalyst activity dilution effect to achieve a better conversion and higher catalyst longevity.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying additives into a coker drum includes an inlet for supplying a hydrocarbon feed stream into the coker drum and conduits along the circumference of walls of the coker drum. Each conduit has an injection nozzle to supply additives inside the coker drum. An injection control system controls the operation of the injection nozzles such that 1) one or more of the injection nozzles placed within a first distance above a vapour liquid interphase of the hydrocarbon feed stream are configured to supply the additives; and 2) supply of the additive discontinues from a particular injection nozzle when a distance between the injection nozzle and the vapour liquid interphase is less than or equal to a second distance. The apparatus optionally includes a mechanical drive system moving at least one of the conduits based on the level of the vapour liquid interphase in the coker drum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a novel process for upgrading a residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock having a significant amount of Conradson Carbon Residue (concarbon), metals, especially vanadium and nickel, asphaltenes, sulfur impurities and nitrogen to a lighter more valuable hydrocarbon products by reducing or minimizing coke formation and by injecting fine droplets of oil soluble organo-metallic compounds at multiple elevations of the riser with varying dosing rates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of high quality synthesis gas rich in hydrogen during the process of upgrading the residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock by rejuvenating the spent upgrading material in Reformer in absence of air/oxygen without supplying external heat source other than the heat generated inside the process during combustion of residual coke deposited on the upgrading material. The present invention further relates to the apparatus used for preparation of syngas wherein said syngas thus produced is used for production of hydrogen gas. Furthermore, the present invention also provides system and method for preparing pure hydrogen from syngas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of increasing syngas production during an upgradation process of petroleum residual oil by circulation of rejuvenated upgrading material through a heat removal zone such as an Auxiliary Reformer and by regeneration of spent upgrading material.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of C3 olefin in fluidized bed catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks is disclosed. C4 fraction produced from the cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock in the primary reaction zone (riser), optionally with external source of C4 stream is fed into the stripper which acts as a secondary reaction zone at an elevated temperature and at an optimum WHSV. The elevated temperature is achieved by injecting a part of the regenerated catalyst from regenerator, which is at a higher temperature, directly into the stripper through a dedicated additional lift line. This raises the activity of catalyst inside the stripper. The direct injection of regenerated catalyst into the stripper, besides producing higher yields of propylene, improves the stripping efficiency leading to enhanced recovery of strippable hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream using a diluent/dispersion stream.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process and apparatus for simultaneous conversion of lighter and heavier hydrocarbon feedstocks into improved yields of light olefins in the range of C2 to C4, liquid aromatics in the range C6 to C8 mainly benzene, toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene and other useful products employing at least two different reactors operated in series with respect to catalyst flow and parallel with respect to feed flow under different regimes and process conditions with same catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon streams to enhance the yield of light olefins. The catalyst composition for the cracking of hydrocarbon feed streams to light olefins, comprises a USY zeolite with silica/alumina ratio of more than 40, pentasil zeolite, a phosphate compound and alumina silica binder. The yield of olefins is further increased when the catalyst composition is impregnated with a cerium oxide. The present invention also provides a process of increasing the yield of light olefins from hydrocarbon feed streams comprising contacting the hydrocarbon streams with catalyst compositions of the present invention.