Abstract: An aerodynamic nose cone capable of imaging through the nose cone is accomplished by forming the nose cone as an Afocal Axicon lens. Under a condition of RI?cos(X)/cos(3X) where RI is an effective refractive index and X is a cone half angle of the solid right-circular cone. EMR incident on a front portion of the cone undergoes a total internal reflection (TIR) and exits a trailing surface of the cone with approximately the same parallelism with which it entered the cone. EMR incident behind the front portion of the cone that exits the trailing surface with different parallelism than it entered may be directed to a light dump or through a frustum of a cone to re-establish the correct parallelism. The entire optical system may be monolithically integrated into the nose cone to eliminate alignment issues and moving parts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cooling systems, methods of making cooling systems, and methods of cooling using cooling systems. A cooling system includes a compression container with a coolant that includes a fluid. A valve is arranged on the compression container through which the coolant is released from the compression container. The cooling system further includes a component positioned to receive droplets of the coolant. The component has a surface with a three-dimensional topography that includes a plurality of pillars and a plurality of trenches. The component is an electronic component or a photoelectronic component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cooling systems, methods of making cooling systems, and methods of cooling using cooling systems. A cooling system includes a compression container with a coolant that includes a fluid. A valve is arranged on the compression container through which the coolant is released from the compression container. The cooling system further includes a component positioned to receive droplets of the coolant. The component has a surface with a three-dimensional topography that includes a plurality of pillars and a plurality of trenches. The component is an electronic component or a photoelectronic component.

Abstract: An aerodynamic nose cone capable of imaging through the nose cone is accomplished by forming the nose cone as an Afocal Axicon lens. Under a condition of RI?cos(X)/cos(3X) where RI is an effective refractive index and X is a cone half angle of the solid right-circular cone. EMR incident on a front portion of the cone undergoes a total internal reflection (TIR) and exits a trailing surface of the cone with approximately the same parallelism with which it entered the cone. EMR incident behind the front portion of the cone that exits the trailing surface with different parallelism than it entered may be directed to a light dump or through a fustrum of a cone to re-establish the correct parallelism. The entire optical system may be monolithically integrated into the nose cone to eliminate alignment issues and moving parts.

Abstract: Ducting and/or duct couplings can be formed from shape memory polymer material, with the material for example being additively manufactured. The use of shape memory polymer material for one or more of the duct portions may allow for easier installation of the ducting, for example allowing the ducting to be warped and/or bent to fit into or through places that are hard to reach or hard to maneuver through, with the ducting then heated to cause it to return to a predetermined memory shape. The coupling of duct portions together may be accomplished by the duct portions including a shape memory polymer material, with for example ends of the duct portions fitted together, and then heated to use a shape memory property of the material to effect coupling. Heating of the shape memory polymer material also softens the material, allowing it to move to a previously set shape.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a scene with blackbody light includes a sheet of nano-structures having a first side and a second side opposing the first side. The first side and the second side are configured to receive light from an environment facing both sides and emit light to the environment facing both sides. Each nano-structure is configured to receive light in a first range of wavelengths resulting in heating the nano-structure and to emit blackbody light due to the heating to display the scene with blackbody light. The apparatus also includes a projector configured to irradiate the nano-structures on one of the sides of the sheet with light in the first range of wavelengths that form the scene to be displayed with the blackbody light emitted from the sheet of nano-structures.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a scene with blackbody light includes a sheet of nano-structures having a first side and a second side opposing the first side. The first side and the second side are configured to receive light from an environment facing both sides and emit light to the environment facing both sides. Each nano-structure is configured to receive light in a first range of wavelengths resulting in heating the nano-structure and to emit blackbody light due to the heating to display the scene with blackbody light. The apparatus also includes a projector configured to irradiate the nano-structures on one of the sides of the sheet with light in the first range of wavelengths that form the scene to be displayed with the blackbody light emitted from the sheet of nano-structures.

Abstract: A dual band infrared and ultraviolet radiation detector having an ultraviolet radiation detector embedded within a pair of IR anti-reflection layers wherein a first one of the infrared anti-reflection layer reflects ultraviolet energy passing through from the semiconductor, ultraviolet radiation detector back to the semiconductor, ultraviolet radiation detector.

Abstract: A radiation detector for detecting ultraviolet energy having a single crystal UV radiation detector material and an amorphous support layer disposed directly on the single crystal UV radiation detector material with the single crystal UV radiation detector material having a c-axis aligned along a direction of the ultraviolet energy being detected.

Abstract: A dual band infrared and ultraviolet radiation detector having an ultraviolet radiation detector embedded within a pair of IR anti-reflection layers wherein a first one of the infrared anti-reflection layer reflects ultraviolet energy passing through from the semiconductor, ultraviolet radiation detector hack to the semiconductor, ultraviolet radiation detector.

Abstract: A radiation detector for detecting ultraviolet energy having a single crystal UV radiation detector material and an amorphous support layer disposed directly on the single crystal UV radiation detector material with the single crystal UV radiation detector material having a c-axis aligned along a direction of the ultraviolet energy being detected.

Abstract: Ducting and/or duct couplings can be formed from shape memory polymer material, with the material for example being additively manufactured. The use of shape memory polymer material for one or more of the duct portions may allow for easier installation of the ducting, for example allowing the ducting to be warped and/or bent to fit into or through places that are hard to reach or hard to maneuver through, with the ducting then heated to cause it to return to a predetermined memory shape. The coupling of duct portions together may be accomplished by the duct portions including a shape memory polymer material, with for example ends of the duct portions fitted together, and then heated to use a shape memory property of the material to effect coupling. Heating of the shape memory polymer material also softens the material, allowing it to move to a previously set shape.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a scene with light in a range of infrared wavelengths, includes: an array of elements configured to emit light in a range of infrared wavelengths, each element having one or more nanotubes; a stimulator configured to apply a stimulus to each element in the array in order for each element to emit light in the range of infrared wavelengths; and a processor configured to send a signal to the stimulator in order to apply the stimulus to one or more selected elements in the array to display the scene.

Abstract: According to embodiment of the disclosure, a wave energy harvesting system comprises a water wave band gap structure (WWBGS) and one or more energy conversion devices. The water wave band gap structure (WWBGS) comprises an array of posts with one or more missing posts that define a defect cavity. The one or more defect cavities are configured to concentrate energy of water waves. The one or more energy conversion devices are positioned in or adjacent to one of the one or more defect cavities and are configured to convert the energy from the water waves into another form of energy.

Abstract: According to embodiment of the disclosure, a wave energy harvesting system comprises a water wave band gap structure (WWBGS) and one or more energy conversion devices. The water wave band gap structure (WWBGS) comprises an array of posts with one or more missing posts that define a defect cavity. The one or more defect cavities are configured to concentrate energy of water waves. The one or more energy conversion devices are positioned in or adjacent to one of the one or more defect cavities and are configured to convert the energy from the water waves into another form of energy.

Abstract: Isotopically-enriched graphene and isotope junctions are epitaxially grown on a catalyst substrate using a focused carbon ion beam technique. The focused carbon ion beam is filtered to pass substantially a single ion species including a single desired carbon isotope. The ion beam and filtering together provide a means to selectively isotopically-enrich the epitaxially-grown graphene from given carbon precursor and to selectively deposit graphene enriched with different carbon isotopes in different regions.

Abstract: Engineered defects are reproduced in-situ with graphene via a combination of surface manipulation and epitaxial reproduction. A substrate surface that is lattice-matched to graphene is manipulated to create one or more non-planar features in the hexagonal crystal lattice. These non-planar features strain and asymmetrically distort the hexagonal crystal lattice of epitaxially deposited graphene to reproduce “in-situ” engineered defects with the graphene. These defects may be defects in the classic sense such as Stone-Wales defect pairs or blisters, ridges, ribbons and metacrystals. Nano or micron-scale structures such as planar waveguides, resonant cavities or electronic devices may be constructed from linear or closed arrays of these defects. Substrate manipulation and epitaxial reproduction allows for precise control of the number, density, arrangement and type of defects. The graphene may be removed and template reused to replicate the graphene and engineered defects.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a scene with light in a range of infrared wavelengths, includes: an array of elements configured to emit light in a range of infrared wavelengths, each element having one or more nanotubes; a stimulator configured to apply a stimulus to each element in the array in order for each element to emit light in the range of infrared wavelengths; and a processor configured to send a signal to the stimulator in order to apply the stimulus to one or more selected elements in the array to display the scene.

Abstract: An imaging system (20) includes an array (24) of photonic band gap material cells. The band gap material has an absorption edge at about the emission frequency of a source (22) of electromagnetic energy. Images from a field of view (26) directed onto the photonic band gap array (24) increase the temperature of the illuminated cells, shifting the absorption edge frequency for those cells. A focal plane array (28) detects the electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the photonic band gap array (24) from the source (22). The intensity of the transmitted radiation is proportional to the shift in the photonic band gap edge.

Abstract: A shock wave barrier comprises a periodic structure having the proper symmetry and local contrast modulation of the acoustic index to divert an incident shock wave by using constructive/destructive interference phenomena that produce a “band gap” in the transmission spectrum of the periodic structure. In general, shock wave energy within the band gap is reflected from the structure. Defect cavities may be formed in the periodic structure to create transmission resonances or “windows” in the band gap. A portion of the incident energy passes through the window and is concentrated in the defect cavities where it is dissipated by other means. The band gap can be quite wide, at least 50% of the center wavelength, and thus can provide an effective barrier from a wide variety of threats with varying blast pressure and range. The structure may be periodic in two or three dimensions providing a band gap barrier in two or three dimensions, respectively.