Abstract: A heater assembly for supporting and energizing a plurality of heating lamps which includes a socket assembly which supports each of the lamps at a base portion thereof, provides power to effect energization of the lamps, and provides a directional flow of cooling fluid which is forced into close proximity to the base portions of the lamps to effect cooling of the base portions of each of the lamps. The cooling fluid is directed into a manifold disposed in the socket assembly in which each of the base portions of the lamps are disposed and is forced from the manifold through exit passageways disposed contiguous to the base portions of the lamps to force the cooling fluid into close proximity with the base portions of the lamps to efficiently cool the base portion of the lamp and assure long lamp life.

Abstract: A high efficiency, non-contaminating fluid heater, including inner and outer helical passageways formed from an electrically non-conductive material and through which ultra pure fluid, such as ultra pure water, passes as it is heated. A coiled resistance heater is disposed about the helical outer surface of the inner helical passageway to heat by radiation, conduction and convection the ultra pure fluid which flows through the inner passageway. The outer passageway substantially surrounds the inner passageway and, at least in part, supports the outer passageway. The outer helical passageway is disposed to enable ultra pure fluid flowing therethrough to absorb radiated and convected heat from the coiled resistance heater to increase the efficiency of the fluid heater.

Abstract: A tubular high efficiency, non-contaminating fluid heater includes an elongate tubular member having a coil-like configuration and a sidewall which defines an elongate tubular chamber formed from an inert material through which fluid is adapted to flow. The tubular member includes an inlet and an outlet and a plurality of elongate electrical resistance heaters sheathed with the same inert material are disposed in said tubular chamber for heating the fluid as it flows through the tubular chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of assembling a panel heater for use in a corrosive environment includes a planar heating element, a planar non-conductive carrier for supporting a conductive ground plane thereon, a planar heat sink supporting the heating element, and a fluoropolymer envelope enclosing the heating element, the carrier, the ground plane and the heat sink to protect same from corrosive environments. The heat sink and carrier have a coefficient of expansion which is substantially equal to minimize the effects of unequal expansion and contraction of the heater.

Abstract: A heater assembly for heating a container of corrosive fluid includes a housing adapted to be located in a container of fluid to be heated, a sealed chamber located in the housing, a heater located in the chamber, an electrically conductive sleeve assembly secured to the housing, and a flexible conduit extending from the sleeve assembly and providing a passageway for conductors providing a source of power to the heater assembly. The flexible conduit includes an electrical conductor connected to ground which is located in the sleeve assembly and the sleeve assembly is swaged to compress the sleeve assembly into the electrical conductor to ground to the electrically conductive housing via the sleeve assembly.

Abstract: A new and improved level controller for sensing the level of a fluid in a container is provided. The controller includes a heater with a thermocouple connected thereto and wherein the thermocouple is adapted to sense the temperature and the rate of rise of temperature. Immersion of the thermocouple in a fluid cools the thermocouple. When the thermocouple is not immersed in the fluid it is heated by the heating element to establish an alarm condition. An alarm condition is established when the rate of rise of temperature exceeds a predetermined rate of rise and/or when the temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature.