Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus with a modified pipe support. The apparatus comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe, and a pipe support. The support comprises a seat and a support ring. The seat comprises a tubular portion for supporting an outer pipe at a top end. The support ring is detachably disposed within the tubular portion and comprises am annular surface and an inner bore surface, wherein the annular surface is inclined to the inner bore surface by an acute angle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for acquiring and demodulating a data stream transmitted in a communication system. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises finding a boundary of a physical layer frame (PLFrame) in the data stream, finding a first 26 bits of a Unique Word (UW) associated with the data stream, finding a scrambling code utilizing the UW, and using a decoding procedure to determine a modulation type and code rate used for desired signals within the data stream.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for determining scrambling codes for minimizing co-channel interference in a communication system. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises defining at least one initial default sequence, generating a scrambling code, scrambling a signal using the generated scrambling code, comparing the scrambled signal with all other scrambled signals meeting a specified criterion, and saving the scrambling code word if the comparison determines that the signal scrambled with the scrambling code also meets the specified criterion. The scrambling codes can be compared with each other for cross-correlation purposes to determine whether they meet the specified criterion based on laboratory testing.

Abstract: A ZF joint detection apparatus for a downlink receiver, the apparatus comprising: a channel estimator for estimating a channel impulse response of a multipath fading channel of a received signal; a channel equalizer for estimating a transmission signal by performing channel compensation and removing multipath interference by a deconvolution technique based on the estimated channel impulse response; and a user detector for detecting a symbol-level data sequence transmitted by a specific user by despreading the transmission signal estimated by the channel equalizer with a spreading code for the specific user and a scrambling code.

Abstract: A simplified scrambling scheme that unifies all signals of a satellite broadcasting system, including frame header (404), frame body (402) and pilot symbols (408) with a common reference phase. This results in the simplification and increased flexibility of the receiver front-end design without affecting the overall system performance. In many current communications systems with frame headers and pilot symbols, the phases of frame headers and pilot syrnbols are not designed to be aligned with any constellation points of the modulated data from the frame body. This scrambling scheme takes into account possible impact due to irregular phase changes between frame headers/pilot symbols and modulated data.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus with a modified pipe support. The apparatus comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe, and a pipe support. The support comprises a seat and a support ring. The seat comprises a tubular portion for supporting an outer pipe at a top end. The support ring is detachably disposed within the tubular portion and comprises am annular surface and an inner bore surface, wherein the annular surface is inclined to the inner bore surface by an acute angle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for minimizing co-channel interference in communications systems are disclosed. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises scrambling a first header of the first signal using a first scrambling code, scrambling a second header of the second signal using a second scrambling code, and transmitting the first signal and the second signal with the scrambled first header and the scrambled second header over different channels of the communication system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for minimizing co-channel interference in communications systems are disclosed. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises shifting a characteristic of the first signal with respect to a like characteristic of the second signal to mitigate co-channel interference, and transmitting the first signal and the second signal over different channels of the communication system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for minimizing co-channel interference in communications systems are disclosed. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises scrambling a first frame using a first scrambling code, attaching a first header to the first frame to create the first signal, scrambling a second frame using a second scrambling code, attaching a second header to the second frame to create the second signal, and transmitting the first signal and the second signal over different channels of the communication system.

Abstract: A transceiver is disclosed having a zero intermediate frequency to low intermediate frequency receiver and a direct upconversion transmitter. Calibrations may be performed to minimize direct current voltage offset and in-phase and quadrature-phase path mismatch after downconversion. Automatic gain control is performed prior to downconversion and after upconversion to minimize the introduction of mismatch.

Abstract: In a wireless network, such as an 802.11 conformant wireless LAN, a wireless station selects an access point, e.g., during power-up or roaming, based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and channel loading information. The RSSI information is measured by the receiving station when the beacon or probe response frame is received, and the channel loading information is communicated to the station through the beacon or probe response frames. The channel loading information is a percentage of time the access point is busy transmitting or receiving data during a reporting interval. By using both RSSI and channel loading information, performance is increased when the access point with the strongest signal is also the busiest. In this case, this access point would not be selected for association with the wireless station.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed to estimate the frequency offset in received direct downconverted predetermined signal despite the presence of a DC offset component. After compensation of the received predetermined signal according to the frequency offset estimation, the DC offset component is estimated. DC offset in data signals subsequent to the predetermined signal may then be mitigated based upon the estimated DC offset component.

Abstract: A ZF joint detection apparatus for a downlink receiver, the apparatus comprising: a channel estimator for estimating a channel impulse response of a multipath fading channel of a received signal; a channel equalizer for estimating a transmission signal by performing channel compensation and removing multipath interference by a deconvolution technique based on the estimated channel impulse response; and a user detector for detecting a symbol-level data sequence transmitted by a specific user by despreading the transmission signal estimated by the channel equalizer with a spreading code for the specific user and a scrambling code.

Abstract: A series of registration marks are printed on a color patch sheet or on a series of color patch sheets used for calibrating a color image reproduction system. These registration marks will be printed by a printer under control of an image processing unit and thereafter scanned by a scanner and interpreted by the image processing unit. For example, the registration marks may be small, black, rectangular blocks arranged at one or all of the top, bottom and sides of the page. These marks provide a variety of color patch information including the horizontal and vertical start and end points of the color patch array, the horizontal width and vertical height of the color patches, the page number of the color patch sheet and print mode of the printer when the color patches are printed, and an indication of the bottom of the color patch sheet.