Abstract: A process for manufacturing a ballistic resistant article including steps: a) stacking a stretchable lamina of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and a stretchable continuous film of a polymer as organic matrix material to form a lamina-film stack, the continuous film not being an UHMWPE film; b) elongating the stack at a temperature below the melting point of the lamina, to an elongation ratio of at least 2, thereby providing a UHMWPE film with an organic matrix material in which the UHMWPE film is co-stretched with the film of polymer as organic matrix material; c) aligning a plurality of films to form a layer of films; d) stacking at least two layers of films to form a sheet; e) stacking a plurality of sheets to form a stack of sheets, and consolidating the sheets prior to and/or after step e) by applying pressure and optionally heat. Also, a ballistic-resistant article.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a ballistic resistant article including steps: a) stacking a stretchable lamina of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and a stretchable continuous film of a polymer as organic matrix material to form a lamina-film stack, the continuous film not being an UHMWPE film; b) elongating the stack at a temperature below the melting point of the lamina, to an elongation ratio of at least 2, thereby providing a UHMWPE film with an organic matrix material in which the UHMWPE film is co-stretched with the film of polymer as organic matrix material; c) aligning a plurality of films to form a layer of films; d) stacking at least two layers of films to form a sheet; e) stacking a plurality of sheets to form a stack of sheets, and consolidating the sheets prior to and/or after step e) by applying pressure and optionally heat. Also, a ballistic-resistant article.

Abstract: A process for rolling and stretching of a sheet into a tape is provided. A sheet may be rolled into a rolled sheet in the nip between two rolls of the calender and the rolled sheet is stretched immediately thereafter into a tape on the surface of one of the two calender rolls. The speed of the rolled sheet on the surface of the calender roll may be higher than the speed of the calender roll. The position of the start of the neck-down of the rolled sheet and the rate of neck-down can be easily controlled by the proposed process.

Abstract: A para-aramid fibrid film is disclosed that has at least 95% of the bonds of the polymer are para-oriented. A method for making said para-aramid fibrid film by (a) polymerizing a para-oriented aromatic diamine and a para-oriented aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide to an aramid polymer having only para-oriented bonds in a mixture of solvents consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethylacetamide and calcium chloride or lithium chloride to obtain a dope wherein the polymer is dissolved in the mixture of solvents and the polymer concentration is 2 to 6 wt. %, and (b) converting the dope to para-aramid fibrid film is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining high-tenacity aramid yarn, wherein the yarn is made of a copolymer obtained from a mixture of monomers comprising DAPBI, an aromatic para-diamine, and an aromatic para-diacid, wherein the yarn is heated in at least two process steps, characterized in that in a first step the yarn is heated at a temperature of 200 to 360° C. at a tension of at least 0.2 cN/dtex, followed by a second step wherein the yarn is heated at a temperature of 370 to 500° C. at a tension of less than 1 cN/dtex. The invention further pertains to a multifilament aramid yarn spun from a sulfuric acid spin dope and having a tenacity of at least 2500 mN/tex.

Abstract: A process for rolling and stretching of a sheet into a tape is provided. A sheet may be rolled into a rolled sheet in the nip between two rolls of the calender and the rolled sheet is stretched immediately thereafter into a tape on the surface of one of the two calender rolls. The speed of the rolled sheet on the surface of the calender roll may be higher than the speed of the calender roll. The position of the start of the neck-down of the rolled sheet and the rate of neck-down can be easily controlled by the proposed process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining high-tenacity aramid yarn, wherein the yarn is made of a copolymer obtained from a mixture of monomers comprising DAPBI, an aromatic para-diamine, and an aromatic para-diacid, wherein the yarn is heated in at least two process steps, characterized in that in a first step the yarn is heated at a temperature of 200 to 360° C. at a tension of at least 0.2 cN/dtex, followed by a second step wherein the yarn is heated at a temperature of 370 to 500° C. at a tension of less than 1 cN/dtex. The invention further pertains to a multifilament aramid yarn spun from a sulfuric acid spin dope and having a tenacity of at least 2500 mN/tex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining high-tenacity aramid yarn, wherein the yarn is made of a copolymer obtained from a mixture of monomers comprising DAPBI, an aromatic para-diamine, and an aromatic para-diacid, wherein the yarn is heated in at least two process steps, characterized in that in a first step the yarn is heated at a temperature of 200 to 360° C. at a tension of at least 0.2 cN/dtex, followed by a second step wherein the yarn is heated at a temperature of 370 to 500° C. at a tension of less than 1 cN/dtex. The invention further pertains to a multifilament aramid yarn spun from a sulfuric acid spin dope and having a tenacity of at least 2500 mN/tex.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a dope that has excellent formability and can be formed into a fiber, a film, pulp-shaped particles and the like by a wet method. This invention is also to provide a process for the production of a fiber excellent in heat resistance, strength and elastic modulus. This invention provides a dope and a process for the production of a fiber from the dope, the dope including a polyamide and a basic solvent, the polyamide containing a recurring unit of the following formula (I), wherein Ar1 represents at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of and having an inherent viscosity of 1.0 or more, the dope has a polyamide concentration of over 10% by weight but not more than 25% by weight and exhibits optical anisotropy at 50° C.

Abstract: This invention seeks to provide a fiber formed of an aromatic polyazole that has a high molecular weight and is excellent in mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, strength, etc., and a process for the production thereof. This invention provides a fiber formed of a polyazole containing a recurring unit of the following formula (1), wherein Ar1 is a divalent aromatic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, Ar2 is a tetravalent aromatic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and each X is O, S or NH, and having a phosphorus atom content of 30 ppm or less, and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiber, pulp, fibril, or fibrid comprising polybenzazole having a repeating unit of formula (I) or (II) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are independently an aromatic group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, Ar1 has the para configuration and 40-100% of the repeating units are repeating unit I and/or repeating unit II and wherein the polybenzazole contains less than 1500 ppm of non-extractable phosphorus compound if 100% of the repeating units are repeating unit I and/or repeating unit II and X and Y are the same. The method allows the manufacture of phosphorous element free a fiber, pulp, fibril, or fibrid containing said polybenzazole precursor or polybenzazole and a spinning method for obtaining said fiber, pulp, fibril, or fibrid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining high-tenacity aramid yarn, wherein the yarn is made of a copolymer obtained from a mixture of monomers comprising DAPBI, an aromatic para-diamine, and an aromatic para-diacid, wherein the yarn is heated in at least two process steps, characterized in that in a first step the yarn is heated at a temperature of 200 to 360° C. at a tension of at least 0.2 cN/dtex, followed by a second step wherein the yarn is heated at a temperature of 370 to 500° C. at a tension of less than 1 cN/dtex. The invention further pertains to a multifilament aramid yarn spun from a sulfuric acid spin dope and having a tenacity of at least 2500 mN/tex.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a dope that has excellent formability and can be formed into a fiber, a film, pulp-shaped particles and the like by a wet method. The object of this invention is also to provide a process for the production of a fiber excellent in heat resistance, strength and elastic modulus. This invention provides a dope and a process for the production of a fiber from the dope, the dope comprising a polyamide and a basic solvent, the polyamide containing a recurring unit of the following formula (I), wherein Ar1 represents at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of and having an inherent viscosity of 1.0 or more, the dope has a polyamide concentration of over 10% by weight but not more than 25% by weight and exhibits optical anisotropy at 50° C.

Abstract: A para-aramid fibrid film is disclosed that has at least 95% of the bonds of the polymer are para-oriented. A method for making said para-aramid fibrid film by (a) polymerizing a para-oriented aromatic diamine and a para-oriented aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide to an aramid polymer having only para-oriented bonds in a mixture of solvents consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethylacetamide and calcium chloride or lithium chloride to obtain a dope wherein the polymer is dissolved in the mixture of solvents and the polymer concentration is 2 to 6 wt. %, and (b) converting the dope to para-aramid fibrid film is also described.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector is provided comprising an injector body containing a pumping chamber for receiving fuel at a low pressure level from a fuel supply passage for subsequent discharge at a high pressure level, a discharge orifice and a transfer passage communicating with the pumping chamber and the discharge orifice. A valve element is provided for movement between (i) an advanced position wherein the supply passage communicates with the pumping chamber through the transfer passage and (ii) a retracted position wherein communication between the supply passage and the pumping chamber is blocked to allow fuel to flow from the pumping chamber through the transfer passage and out the discharge orifice.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector is provided comprising an injector body containing a pumping chamber and a valve element provided for movement between (i) an advanced position wherein a supply passage communicates with the pumping chamber through a transfer passage and (ii) a retracted position wherein communication between the supply passage and the pumping chamber is blocked to allow fuel to flow from the pumping chamber through the transfer passage and out the discharge orifice. In one embodiment the valve element includes a control valve integrally formed with a tip valve, and a force balancing element for tending to balance the forces acting on the valve element by reducing the effective cross-sectional area upon which fluid pressure operates. The control valve, whether formed integral with or separate from the tip valve, extends through the solenoid to engage a valve seat formed adjacent the pumping chamber.

Abstract: A device is provided for locating a fixed point of reference with respect to a predetermined segment of a rotary member while the latter is disposed in a selected position of rotary adjustment. The device includes a bracket adjustably mounted on a support spaced from the rotary member. Removably mounted on the bracket and adjustable independently thereof is an elongated alignment element. The alignment element and the bracket coact with each other and with the support whereby the end of the element is aligned with the predetermined segment of the rotary member when the latter is in said selected position of rotary adjustment. While the element end is so positioned the bracket is fixedly secured to the support. The element is then removed from the fixedly secured bracket and an elongated detecting piece is mounted on the bracket in substitution of the removed alignment element.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with a drive for a fan of an internal combustion engine, the drive including a clutch connected between the engine and the fan blades. A piston is movable to actuate the clutch, and an actuating fluid is employed to move the piston. The fan drive is connected to the engine lubricating system so that the engine lubricant acts as the actuating fluid. An engine temperature responsive circuit actuates the clutch to engage and disengage at certain engine temperatures. The fan drive includes a fluid feed path, return path and control path, but only two fluid connections to the clutch are necessary. When the temperature responsive circuit operates to disengage the clutch, a valve releases the pressure in order to quickly disengage the clutch.

Abstract: A fuel injector and valve assembly (2) including a unit injector (4) having a main pumping plunger (10) and a shuttle piston (14) selectively connected to the pumping plunger by means of a hydraulic link controlled by a ball-type solenoid operated valve (28). The valve includes a housing (58) containing a valve cavity (76) in which a ball (78) is positioned for movement between a closed position and open position in less than one millisecond to control the timing and metering function of the fuel injector (4). The ball (78) is biased to the closed position by a spring (88) and is moved to an open position by an operator stem (98) biased by a stronger opposing spring (116) surrounding the operator stem (98). The operator stem (98) is withdrawn by energization of solenoid (118) to allow the ball (78) to be moved to the closed position by the ball spring (88).

Abstract: An exhaust brake modulating control system is provided for an internal combustion engine having a turbo-charger and source of pressurized fluid. The system includes a double-acting piston-cylinder assembly having one cylinder end communicating with the engine exhaust manifold and an opposite end separated from the one end by a piston head. An adjustable control valve is provided having an outlet connected to the cylinder second end, and a plurality of inlets selectively connected to the outlet. One inlet communicates with the pressurized fluid source and a second inlet is vented to the atmosphere. Communicating with the exhaust manifold is an inlet of a hollow section in which a rotor is rotatably mounted. The hollow section has an outlet separated from the inlet by the rotor. The outlet communicates with the turbine wheel chamber of the turbo-charger. When the rotor assumes a first selected position, substantially unrestricted exhaust gas flow past the rotor occurs.