Abstract: The present invention provides a single-dose powder inhalator and a method for the production thereof. It consists of an inhalator housing, which has a housing part (1), in which there is formed at least one medicament chamber (11) with a dose of a powdered medicament, and wherein the inhalator housing has an outlet opening (13?) and an outlet channel (13), which extends from the medicament chamber (11) to the outlet opening (13?). The outlet channel (13) is advantageously formed in the housing part (1). Also formed in the housing part (1) are an air inlet opening (12?), on a side of the medicament chamber (11) that is facing away from the outlet opening (13?), and an inlet channel (12), wherein the inlet channel (12) extends from the air inlet opening (12?) to the medicament chamber (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-dose powder-medication inhaler (10) for nasal application, comprising a flat inhaler housing consisting of two flat housing parts (1, 2) connected to one another along a connecting plane (E). Formed in the two flat housing parts are: a medication chamber (11) having at least one powder receiving hollow (11?); an air inlet opening (14); and an air channel delimited by walls (7), the air channel extending from the air inlet opening (14), via the medication chamber (11) to a discharge opening (12). According to the invention the air inlet opening (14) does not lie on a side facing away from the discharge opening (12), whereby the air channel provides a direction change of an air flow through the air inlet opening (14) relative to the discharge opening (12). The outlet section (13) of the air channel between the medication chamber (11) and the discharge opening (12) has more than one bend (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inhalation device (1), to the use thereof, and to a kit comprising the inhalation device. The inhalation device (1) has an air inlet (14), an air outlet (15) designed as a mouthpiece or nosepiece, and a recess (17) which is designed to receive a container (2) with an inhalable substance. An air duct (L) extends from the air inlet (14) through the recess (17) to the air outlet (15). Moreover, the inhalation device (1) has at least one hollow mandrel (16, 16?) which protrudes into the recess (17) and from which at least one air delivery line (14?, 14?) extends to the air inlet (14) or at least one air outlet line (15?) extends to the air outlet (15). The inhalation device (1) is characterized in that the inhalation device (1) has two limbs (11, 12), each with a work end (11?, 12?) and with an actuation end (11?, 12?), wherein the limbs (11, 12) are connected by means of a joint (13) which lies between the work ends (11?, 12?) and the actuation ends (11?, 12?).

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder inhaler and to a powder inhaler set that contains the powder inhaler. The powder inhaler comprises two half-shells (3, 4), which are connected to each other by means of at least one film hinge and are formed as a single piece. In a joined arrangement, the two half-shells (3, 4) enclose an air inlet region, a powder deposition region and powder release region, and an outlet region, through which regions a fluid path extends, wherein at least one of the half-shells (3, 4) has at least one air inlet opening (8) in the air inlet region. Furthermore, one of the half-shells (3, 4) has at least one powder-accommodating recess (9) in the powder deposition region and powder release region, while the outlet region has at least one deagglomeration structure (17, 17?) and an outlet for aerosol, which outlet is formed by the half-shells (3, 4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder inhaler and to a powder inhaler set that contains the powder inhaler. The powder inhaler comprises two half-shells (3, 4), which can be or are articulated to each other and which enclose an air inlet region, a powder deposition region and powder release region, and an outlet region in a joined arrangement, through which regions a fluid path extends. At least one of the half shells (3, 4) has at least one air inlet opening (8) in the air inlet region, and at least one air-swirling structure (5) is present in the air inlet region, which air-swirling structure defines the fluid path between the at least one air inlet opening (8) and the powder deposition and release region. Furthermore, one of the half-shells (3, 4) has at least one powder-accommodating recess (9) in the powder deposition region and powder release region, while the outlet region has at least one deagglomeration structure (17, 17?) and an outlet for aerosol, which outlet is formed by the half-shells (3, 4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inhalation device (1), to the use thereof, and to a kit comprising the inhalation device. The inhalation device (1) has an air inlet (14), an air outlet (15) designed as a mouthpiece or nosepiece, and a recess (17) which is designed to receive a container (2) with an inhalable substance. An air duct (L) extends from the air inlet (14) through the recess (17) to the air outlet (15). Moreover, the inhalation device (1) has at least one hollow mandrel (16, 16?) which protrudes into the recess (17) and from which at least one air delivery line (14?, 14?) extends to the air inlet (14) or at least one air outlet line (15?) extends to the air outlet (15). The inhalation device (1) is characterized in that the inhalation device (1) has two limbs (11, 12), each with a work end (11?, 12?) and with an actuation end (11?, 12?), wherein the limbs (11, 12) are connected by means of a joint (13) which lies between the work ends (11?, 12?) and the actuation ends (11?, 12?).

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-dose powder inhalator and a method for the production thereof. It consists of an inhalator housing, which has a housing part (1), in which there is formed at least one medicament chamber (11) with a dose of a powdered medicament, and wherein the inhalator housing has an outlet opening (13?) and an outlet channel (13), which extends from the medicament chamber (11) to the outlet opening (13?). The outlet channel (13) is advantageously formed in the housing part (1). Also formed in the housing part (1) are an air inlet opening (12?), on a side of the medicament chamber (11) that is facing away from the outlet opening (13?), and an inlet channel (12), wherein the inlet channel (12) extends from the air inlet opening (12?) to the medicament chamber (11).

Abstract: In order to achieve path diversity for dual-homed User-Network Interface clients connected to a Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching control plane enabled transport network that is operated in an overlay mode, the overlay extension service model is enhanced by adding shared constraint information for path diversity in the optical transport network. In particular, within the provider network, shared constraint information of a first traffic path is determined and a data element indicative of the shared constraint information is returned by a first provider edge node to a customer edge device via a User-Network Interface. When the customer edge device requests a second traffic path through the provider network to be established from a second provider edge node and to be disjoint from said first traffic path, the customer edge device forwards the data element to the second provider edge node to enable path calculation of the second traffic path using the shared constraint information as exclusion list.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder inhaler and to a powder inhaler set that contains the powder inhaler. The powder inhaler comprises two half-shells (3, 4), which can be or are articulated to each other and which enclose an air inlet region, a powder deposition region and powder release region, and an outlet region in a joined arrangement, through which regions a fluid path extends. At least one of the half shells (3, 4) has at least one air inlet opening (8) in the air inlet region, and at least one air-swirling structure (5) is present in the air inlet region, which air-swirling structure defines the fluid path between the at least one air inlet opening (8) and the powder deposition and release region. Furthermore, one of the half-shells (3, 4) has at least one powder-accommodating recess (9) in the powder deposition region and powder release region, while the outlet region has at least one deagglomeration structure (17, 17?) and an outlet for aerosol, which outlet is formed by the half-shells (3, 4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder inhaler and to a powder inhaler set that contains the powder inhaler. The powder inhaler comprises two half-shells (3, 4), which are connected to each other by means of at least one film hinge and are formed as a single piece. In a joined arrangement, the two half-shells (3, 4) enclose an air inlet region, a powder deposition region and powder release region, and an outlet region, through which regions a fluid path extends, wherein at least one of the half-shells (3, 4) has at least one air inlet opening (8) in the air inlet region. Furthermore, one of the half-shells (3, 4) has at least one powder-accommodating recess (9) in the powder deposition region and powder release region, while the outlet region has at least one deagglomeration structure (17, 17?) and an outlet for aerosol, which outlet is formed by the half-shells (3, 4).

Abstract: In order to improve the link adjacency discovery in an Optical Transport Network, a method and related network nodes are provided. A first network node (21) has a first discovery agent (216) and a second network node (22) has a second discovery agent (226). A discovery message (210) is transmitted from a first interface of the first network node (21) over one or more subsequent network links (25, 26, 27) to a second interface of the second network node (22). The discovery message (210) contains information indicative of an discovery agent identifier associated with the first discovery agent (216) and of a termination connection point identifier associated with the first interface. In order to transmit the discovery message (210), the first interface is configured to perform a tandem connection source function (217) using a reserved field in an overhead portion of signal frames to be transmitted.

Abstract: In order to achieve path diversity for dual-homed User-Network Interface clients connected to a Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching control plane enabled transport network that is operated in an overlay mode, the overlay extension service model is enhanced by adding shared constraint information for path diversity in the optical transport network. In particular, within the provider network, shared constraint information of a first traffic path is determined and a data element indicative of the shared constraint information is returned by a first provider edge node to a customer edge device via a User-Network Interface. When the customer edge device requests a second traffic path through the provider network to be established from a second provider edge node and to be disjoint from said first traffic path, the customer edge device forwards the data element to the second provider edge node to enable path calculation of the second traffic path using the shared constraint information as exclusion list.

Abstract: In order to improve the link adjacency discovery in an Optical Transport Network, a method and related network nodes are provided. A first network node (21) has a first discovery agent (216) and a second network node (22) has a second discovery agent (226). A discovery message (210) is transmitted from a first interface of the first network node (21) over one or more subsequent network links (25, 26, 27) to a second interface of the second network node (22). The discovery message (210) contains information indicative of an discovery agent identifier associated with the first discovery agent (216) and of a termination connection point identifier associated with the first interface. In order to transmit the discovery message (210), the first interface is configured to perform a tandem connection source function (217) using a reserved field in an overhead portion of signal frames to be transmitted.

Abstract: A method of restoring an active path between two nodes of a transport network upon occurrence of a failure includes the steps of determining an alternate path through the network and establishing a path protection involving the failed active path and the alternate path. If in layered networks, a failed path is restored at a lower layer and at a higher layer concurrently, the restoration actions in the higher network layer can thus be reverted easily.

Abstract: A device for taking powdered substances has a storage receptacle and a supply tube having a first end for dispensing the substances and a pivotably supported second end that has a unitary cylinder wall pivotably mounted on a stationary cylinder body having a through bore. The supply tube is pivotable back and forth between a first position of non-use and a second position of use. In the first position, the substance is air-tightly closed off in the storage receptacle. In the second position, the substance enters the supply tube. The unitary cylinder wall has a through opening. The supply tube has an inner opening. In the first position, the inner opening of the supply tube and the through opening of the unitary cylinder wall do not communicate with the through bore of the cylinder body; in the second position, they communicate with the through bore of the cylinder body.

Abstract: Transmission signals in a transport network are multiplexed from traffic streams respectively representing paths. Each path is identified with a path tag and forwarding information is provided in each network element. Failed paths in the network are restored in that the source network element crossconnects the affected traffic stream to an alternate output port and subsequent network elements receiving this unexpected traffic stream at an input port check the received path tag, determine an appropriate output port based on the tag and the forwarding information, and establish an internal cross-connection between the input port and corresponding output port.

Abstract: A burst mode optical signal is transported as payload of a framed continuous bit-stream optical signal through an optical transport network. The optical bursts are all generated at a common nominal bitrate which equals substantially the payload bitrate of the continuous bit-stream optical signal. The bursts are converted into a continuous bit stream by filling gaps between the bursts with a predefined pattern. The continuous bit stream thus created is then mapped into frames to generate the framed continuous bit-stream optical signal for transmission.

Abstract: A device for spraying a liquid, wherein the liquid is contained in a container that, in an initial state, is a unitary closed container comprising a head to be broken off or sawed off for providing the removal opening, has a spraying device to be arranged on the removal opening of the container. The spraying device has a basic spraying unit and a connecting adapter for the container, wherein the connecting adapter is fixedly connected to the spraying unit. The connecting adapter has an annular seal that rests sealingly on the container. The connecting adapter is essentially cylindrical and has a lower peripheral end provided with the annular seal. A sleeve having an upper open end and a lower end is provided. The lower end of the sleeve has a bottom. The sleeve receives the container. The sleeve is connected with the upper open end to the connecting adapter.

Abstract: Failures are localized through the use of a Tandem Connection along a segment of a transmission path (P) to be monitored, non-intrusive intermediate Tandem Connection monitors (M), and temporary Tandem Connection sources created along the path segment in the case of a failure (F) in order to forward information about the fault location at least in downstream direction but preferably also in upstream direction. In particular, a failure adjacent network element (N3) detects the failure and activates a temporary tandem connection source function (TS3d, TS3u). This function creates a valid tandem connection signal and insert therein a failed link identifier (TTI). The network element (N4) terminating the tandem connection generates an alarm report including the failed link as indicated by the failed link identifier.

Abstract: A device for taking powdered substances has a storage receptacle and a supply tube having a first end for dispensing the substances and a pivotably supported second end that has a unitary cylinder wall pivotably mounted on a stationary cylinder body having a through bore. The supply tube is pivotable back and forth between a first position of non-use and a second position of use. In the first position, the substance is air-tightly closed off in the storage receptacle. In the second position, the substance enters the supply tube. The unitary cylinder wall has a through opening. The supply tube has an inner opening. In the first position, the inner opening of the supply tube and the through opening of the unitary cylinder wall do not communicate with the through bore of the cylinder body; in the second position, they communicate with the through bore of the cylinder body.