Abstract: Circuit assembly (1,1a), uninterrupted power supply unit (1a) with converter part (2) and converter unit (20), central control unit (21) and input for current to be converted and output for converted current and circuit part (3, 4) connected upstream of input of converter part or connected downstream of output of converter part, external control unit (12) connectible to circuit assembly and central control unit (21) configured to receive control instructions from external control unit (12). Circuit assembly can be disconnected from the power supply network rapidly and without repercussions on the network. Every circuit part (3, 4) comprises a decentralized control unit (31, 41), connected to central control unit (21) via communication bus (13), receiving control instructions from central control unit (21). External control unit (12) is connected to communication bus (13) and decentralized control unit (31, 41) is configured to receive control instructions from external control unit (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive device (10) for driving a work unit (30), which contains grinding elements for food, for example, and a method for driving the work unit.

Abstract: A waste container with an inner lining. The inner lining has at least an inner dirt-repelling layer of an adhesion-reducing polymer material. The direct-repelling layer has a non-smooth surface and can contain an anti-bacterial agent.

Abstract: Utensils for cooking and household use, particularly frying pans and baking tins, with a coating, which is comprised of an adhesion-reducing, polymeric material, wherein that the coating is provided with a filler with a particle diameter size ≧ the layer thickness of the coating in order to produce a non-smooth surface. Waste containing items are coated with an adhesion-reducing polymeric material. The polymeric material can also contain an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: Described are a concentrate, a working solution and a process for iron phosphating of metals, in which the solution contains nitrobenzene sulfonic acid and substituted short-chain monocarboxylic acids of the amino acid and/or hydroxycarboxylic acid type as the accelerators.

Abstract: A process for phosphating surfaces of steel, galvanized or alloy-galvanized steel, aluminum, aluminized or alloy-aluminized steel. The process is particularly useful for treating metal surfaces which are to be cathodic electrocoated. The process uses a nickel, cobalt, copper, nitrite and oxo-anion of halogen free phosphating solution containing 0.3 to 2.0 g/l Zn(II), 0.3 to 4 g/l Mn(II), 5 to 40 g/l phosphate ions and at least one of 0.5 to 5 g/l hydroxylamine and 0.2 to 2 g/l m-nitrobenzene sulfonate wherein the ratio by weight of Zn(II) to Mn(II) is not greater than 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for phosphating galvanized steel surfaces, preferably electrolytically or hot-dip galvanized surfaces of steel strip, by treating them in a bath or spray with acidic aqueous phosphating solutions, wherein the workpieces are given a d.c. cathodic treatment at the same time. In the process, (a) the phosphating solutions contain Zn.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.1 to 5 g/l, PO.sub.4.sup.-3 anions in the range from 5 to 50 g/l, NO.sub.3.sup.- anions in the range from 0.1 to 50 g/l, Mn.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.1 to 5 g/l, and Cu.sup.+2 cations in the range from 0.001 to 1 g/l; (b) the following conditions are used: pH of the phosphating solution in the range from 1.5 to 4.5, temperature of the phosphating solution in the range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C., treatment time in the range from 1 to 300 sec; and (c) the workpieces are also cathodically treated with a direct current with a density in the range from 0.01 to 100 mA/cm.sup.2 during phosphating.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for phosphating metallic surfaces, particularly electrolytically or hot dipped galvanized steel strip surfaces, by dip or spray processing the metallic surfaces with acidic aqueous phosphating solutions, wherein the workpieces are cathodically treated at the same time with a direct current. The process is characterized by (a) the use of phosphating solutions that contain the following components: Zn.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l; PO.sub.4.sup.-3 anions in a range from 5 to 50 g/l; NO.sub.3.sup.- anions in a range from 0.1 to 50 g/l; as well as Ni.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l and/or Co.sup.+2 cations in a range from 0.1 to 5 g/l; (b) the observance of the following conditions: pH value of the phosphating solutions in a range from 1.5 to 4.5; temperature of the phosphating solutions in a range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for a passivating post-treatment of phosphated metal surfaces of iron, steel, galvanized steel, zinc, aluminum, and their alloys, in which the phosphated metal surfaces are brought into contact at temperatures in the range from 10.degree. to 60.degree. C. with chromium-free, acidic, silicate-containing aqueous solutions having a pH in the range of 2 to 5 and 0.5 to 50 g/l of SiO.sub.2 and 0.5 to 100 g/l of an acid.

Abstract: A tong-like device for opening jar lids of various sizes, having a retaining handle and an actuating handle that is swivelable on it about a bearing, a drawbar longitudinally adjustable with the retaining handle and having a clamping bracket, and retaining claws provided on the end of the retaining handle; a draw plate (24) is displaceable on the flat drawbar (11) having the clamping bracket (13) and is pressed via a compression spring against a guide wall (22) that is at right angles to the drawbar (11), in such a manner that an impingement region (26) of the draw plate rests against a pressure rib (27) of the actuating handle (1) that is swivelable about a bearing (2).

Abstract: Effective, titanium-free agents for activating metal surfaces prior to phosphating these surfaces with phosphating baths containing zinc ions can be made by reacting alkali metal phosphates with 1,1-diphosphonic acids and their alkali metal slats and/or poly(aldehydocarboxylic acids) and their alkali metal salts.

Abstract: Effective, titanium-free agents for activating metal surfaces prior to phosphating these surfaces with phosphating baths containing zinc ions can be made by reacting alkali metal phosphates with 1,1-diphosphonic acids and their alkali metal salts and/or poly(aldehydocarboxylic acids) and their alkali metal salts.

Abstract: Activation of metal surfaces prior to phosphating can be improved by using aqueous dispersions of polymeric titanium(IV) phosphates in which at least 95% by weight of the polymeric particles have a particle diameter of less than 200 nm. This low particle diameter is attained by adding a titanium(IV)-complexing agent before or during an otherwise conventional reaction between a titanium(IV) compound, acid or phosphate, and water. The complexing agent is used in an amount of less than the stoichiometric amount, based on the titanium(IV) content. The best complexing agents are poly(aldehydocarboxylic acids), 1,1-diphosphonic acids, and/or the alkali metal salts of these types of acids.

Abstract: The formation of troublesome microfoams in aqueous lacquer and synthetic resin dispersions, particularly in gloss lacquers, is prevented by the addition of from about 0.01 to about 1.5% by weight of a silicone-free foam inhibitor mixture. This mixture consists of (a) from about 70 to about 98% by weight of a mineral oil liquid at room temperature or a mixture of such mineral oil with a C.sub.16 -C.sub.30 branched alcohol of the following formulaR.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CHR.sup.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 OH (I)in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are C.sub.4 -C.sub.16 alkyl radicals, (b) from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight of a microcrystalline wax, (c) from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of hard paraffin, (d) from 0.05 to 5% by weight of hydrophobized finely divided silica, and (e) from 0 to about 10% by weight of a soft paraffin (M.p. 32.degree.-42.degree. C.). Component (a) preferably consists of a mixture of mineral oil and branched alcohol (I) in a ratio of from 50:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: The formation of troublesome microfoams in aqueous lacquer and synthetic resin dispersions, particularly in gloss lacquers, is prevented by the addition of from 0.01 to 1.5% by weight of a silicone-free foam inhibitor mixture. These foam inhibitor mixtures contain (a) from 70 to 98% by weight of a liquid, branched C.sub.16 -C.sub.30 alcohol, (b) from 0.5 to 20% by weight of hard paraffin, and (c) from 0.05 to 5% by weight of hydrophobized finely divided silica, and, optionally, small quantities of other ingredients.