Abstract: An apparatus for dyeing a textile substrate using a plurality of applicators that each apply an increment of a total dye application. In one form a reduced indigo dye in a leuco-state is applied in an inert atmosphere substantially isolated from oxidizing substances. In another form the foamed dye is applied while open to the atmosphere. In both forms holddown rollers or inverted applicators are located between applicators at decreasing depths to minimize increases in tension as the substrate travels over successive applicator faces.

Abstract: An apparatus for dyeing a textile substrate using a plurality of applicators that each apply an increment of a total dye application. In one form a reduced indigo dye in a leuco-state is applied in an inert atmosphere substantially isolated from oxidizing substances. In another form the foamed dye is applied while open to the atmosphere. In both forms holddown rollers or inverted applicators are located between applicators at decreasing depths to minimize increases in tension as the substrate travels over successive applicator faces.

Abstract: An applicator apparatus for controlling the uniform (or predetermined non-uniform) application of a treating fluid to a traveling fabric, web or other substrate includes one or more fluid applicators, each having spaced apart housing or body walls interconnected by a body edge preferably of a generally parabolic shape. Each applicator includes a fluid inlet in one body wall and a transversely elongated fluid outlet in the opposite body wall. The body walls define a fluid distribution chamber extending substantially equally and oppositely relative to the fluid inlet, with the chamber being divided by a plate member having preferably generally parabolically shaped peripheral edges substantially corresponding in shape with and spaced inwardly from the body edge.

Abstract: An applicator apparatus for applying a preferably foamed treating fluid to a traveling permeable fabric, web or other substrate can include either or both of a low-pressure exhaust chamber on the opposite side of the substrate from the applicator nozzle and a flexible lip extending from either or both sides of the nozzle opening, between the nozzle and the substrate. The applicator apparatus is particularly adapted and well-suited for lightly coating or treating the surface of a fragile and fast moving substrate, without deformation or breakage of the substrate and without undesirable substrate penetration.

Abstract: An applicator apparatus for controlling the uniform (or predetermined non-uniform) application of a treating fluid to a traveling fabric, web or other substrate includes one or more fluid applicators, each having spaced apart housing or body walls interconnected by a body edge preferably of a generally parabolic shape. Each applicator includes a fluid inlet in one body wall and a transversely elongated fluid outlet in the opposite body wall. The body walls define a fluid distribution chamber extending substantially equally and oppositely relative to the fluid inlet, with the chamber being divided by a plate member having preferably generally parabolically shaped peripheral edges substantially corresponding in shape with and spaced inwardly from the body edge.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a chemical foam to a traveling substrate in which a plurality of shut-off valves are spaced along a foam conduit between a foam generator and an applicator head to form the conduit into isolated sections when the valves are simultaneously closed upon stoppage of the traveling substrate, thereby maintaining pressure differential along the length of the conduit in readiness for resumption of operation when the substrate resumes travel and the valves are opened. To avoid decomposition of the foam in the applicator head during stoppage, a small by-pass conduit is connected to the valved conduit upstream and downstream of the valves to allow a small quantity of foam to continue to flow to the applicator head during stoppage of the substrate. A discharge valve at a discharge outlet of the applicator head opens during substrate stoppage to allow foam to discharge from the applicator head and maintain circulation of foam therein.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a filtering device, a filter element therefor and a method of manufacturing the filter element (28) from filter paper. The filter element (28) has a receiving cavity (76) to be filled with extractable materials such as coffee grounds or tea leaves. Following contact with hot water, the extractable materials deliver extractive substances to the water, resulting in a brewed beverage that is drained from the filter element (28). During this process, the filter element (28) is held by the filter support (1) by way of a supporting member which includes a rim (39) formed on the filter element (28) and having a bearing surface (40), and a supporting surface (24) formed on the filter support (1). The rim (39) of the filter element (28) is reinforced mechanically by providing the filter paper with exposed pleats (42, 51, 52) which cooperate with corresponding elevations (115) and recesses (79) formed on the supporting surface (24) of the filter support (1).

Abstract: A filter for the filtration of extraction beverages includes a disk having a plurality of apertures through which the beverage extracted from the material to be extracted passes form the afflux side to the efflux side. Each aperture is formed by cut edges in the disk and by bending a cut edge away from the surface of the disk to form a roof-shaped dome. The filter is formed by a single punching, bending and embossing operation without scrap slug being produced.

Abstract: A method for the immersion application of solder to printed wiring boards, including the steps of producing a printed wiring board with electrically conductive regions, which are to be provided with a solder deposit, surrounding the regions with a limiting layer of defined layer thickness for preventing an application of solder, which thickness substantially corresponds to the height of the solder deposit to be produced thus forming voids, immersing the thus-prepared printing wiring board into a soldering bath containing a suitable soldering alloy, covering the voids, filled in the soldering bath with liquid solder and located above the regions to which solder is to be appled, with at least one closure element at a defined contact pressure, removing the covered printed wiring board from the soldering bath, dropping the temperature of the solder trapped in the voids below the setting temperature of the solder alloy, removing the closure element, and optionally, removing the limiting layer.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for grinding the edges of a glass sheet which is positioned on a motor driven rotary table. The apparatus includes a grinding disc mounted to rotate in a toolholder which may be moved in relation to the axis of rotation of the rotary table by a constant torque motor so as to apply a constant grinding pressure between the grinding tool and the glass sheet. A plurality of manometer capsules or other pressure measuring devices whose voltage outputs depend on applied pressure, are used to produce signals to regulate the constant grinding force. The toolholder is movably mounted on a larger positioning carriage which can also be moved in relation to the axis of rotation of the rotating table in order to compensate for irregular glass sheet shapes. This positioning is effected by signals from a distance to voltage converter fed into an adjustment circuit which drives a positioning motor.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus for glass panes includes a slide and a grinding head with a grinding tool mounted on the slide. The grinding head is capable of rotation through 360.degree. during movement of the slide by an X-Y path control. A motor drives the grinding head under control of control signals derived directly during the grinding process from signals taken from the information carrier determining the X-Y path control of the slide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter fabric, particularly of single-strand metal- or plastics filaments, in which one system of the two intersecting systems of filaments consists of filaments of thicker, mutually equidistantly spaced filaments extending in a straight line and the other system of thinner, sinusoidal filaments which are mutually juxtaposed as closely as possible and which embrace the thicker filaments and in which the filter gauge is determined by the diameter .mu. of the largest measuring sphere which passes through the apertures in the triangular pores of the fabric which are each formed by a thicker filament and two adjacent, phase-displaced, thinner filaments. The expression "filaments" embraces metal wires as well as plastics filaments.

Abstract: Hot-tinned wire of copper or copper alloys is provided having a first coating of from 0.5 to 2 .mu.m thick consisting of an SnBi alloy containing 2 to 10 percent by weight Bi or of a SnNi alloy containing 0.2 to 1 percent by weight Ni, and having a second coating 1 to 4 .mu.m thick consisting of pure tin or of a SnPb alloy. The first coating acts as diffusion retarding film and retards the Cu.sub.3 Sn phase growth considerably.