Abstract: In a process and an apparatus for the continuous preparation of N-acylamino carboxylic acids and N-acylamino sulfonic acids, and their alkali metal salts, from the alkali metal salts of amino carboxylic acids and amino sulfonic acids, respectively, and carbonyl halides in a reactor designed as circulating circuit, the reactants are fed for immediate reaction into the circulating circuit, and a part of the product solution corresponding to the amount fed in is continuously discharged from the circulating circuit. The reactants are circulated by a circulating pump. The temperature in the reactors is controlled. The heat produced in the reaction is removed.

Abstract: N-acylamino carboxylic acids and N-acylamino sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts from the technical alkali metal salts of amino carboxylic acids and amino sulfonic acids, respectively, with an active content of 50-95% by weight, based on the solids content of the technical alkali metal salts, and from alkyl carboxylates, are prepared by(a) preparing a suspension of the solid anhydrous technical alkali metal salts of the amino carboxylic acids or amino sulfonic acids in the alkyl carboxylates,(b) reacting this suspension by adding more than 30 to 150 mol % of strong bases to give the alkali metal salts of the N-acylamino carboxylic acids or N-acylamino sulfonic acids, and(c) if required preparing therefrom the free N-acylamino carboxylic acids or N-acylamino sulfonic acids in a conventional way by adding acids.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams, preferably semirigid polyurethane foams, are produced by reacting an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates with relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and, optionally, low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinkers in the presence of water or mixtures of water and physically acting blowing agents, optionally, catalysts, at least one additive selected from the group consisting of sulfonate salts of an acid group-containing alkylene oxide polymer, a phosphonate salt of an acid group-containing alkylene oxide polymer, and mixtures thereof, additional other additives and optionally, auxiliaries. The polyurethane foams produced by this process can be used to produce composite comprising at least one covering layer and at least one layer comprising a rigid or semirigid polyurethane foam produced by the process of the present invention.

Abstract: The preparation of alkyl glycosides by reaction of aqueous glycoses having a water content of 10-80% by weight with aliphatic primary alcohols having from 5 to 30 C atoms is described, in which(a) the alcohols and the glycoses are employed in a molar ratio of 2:1 to 10:1,(b) 0.1-5% by weight, based on the amount of the glycoses employed, of the acidic form of an anionic surfactant is used as the acidic catalyst having emulsifying properties,(c) 1-30% by weight, based on the amount of the glycoses employed, of alkyl glycosides is used as a further emulsifier,(d) the aqueous glycose is preheated to 50.degree.-90.degree. C. and the preheated aqueous solution of the glycose is metered with effective mixing into the reaction mixture of alcohol, acidic catalyst and emulsifier in such a manner that an emulsion is formed,(e) the reaction is carried out at from 100.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The preparation von N-alkanoyl-polyhydroxyalkylamines I in which ##STR1## in which Z stands for the polyhydroxyalkyl radical of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide,R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl andR.sup.2 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.21 alkyl, by the reaction of polyhydroxyalkylamines of the general formula IIZ--NH--R.sup.1 (II),with alkyl carboxylates of the general formula III ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 denotes a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical,in the presence of a basic catalyst, in which(a) all of the ester III is placed in the reactor and is heated to the reaction temperature, and the amine II is metered in in the form of a melt while the reaction proceeds, while alcohol R.sup.3 --OH formed is continuously removed by distillation,(b) the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 55.degree. to 110.degree. C., and(c) the reaction is carried out in the absence of organic solvents.