Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing serially interconnected optoelectronic components as well as optoelectronic components interconnected according to the method. In a first step, an electrically non-conductive layer with optoelectronic material introduced therein and at least one first wire or thread (2) located in the layer is produced. The first wire or thread either is electrically conductive from the outset or can subsequently be treated in such a way that it becomes electrically conductive as a result of the treatment. A first and second electrooptically active region of the layer is electrically connected to the first wire or thread in such a way that they are electrically interconnected to each other in series. By the wire, regions of the layer are subdivided in a simple manner, as a result of which a plurality of optoelectronic components are produced in a technically simple manner. Continuous production is possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing serially interconnected optoelectronic components as well as optoelectronic components interconnected according to the method. In a first step, an electrically non-conductive layer with optoelectronic material introduced therein and at least one first wire or thread (2) located in the layer is produced. The first wire or thread either is electrically conductive from the outset or can subsequently be treated in such a way that it becomes electrically conductive as a result of the treatment. A first and second electrooptically active region of the layer is electrically connected to the first wire or thread in such a way that they are electrically interconnected to each other in series. By the wire, regions of the layer are subdivided in a simple manner, as a result of which a plurality of optoelectronic components are produced in a technically simple manner. Continuous production is possible.

Abstract: This invention describes a semiconductor material of general formula (I) Me12Me21-xMe3xMe4(C11-yC2y)4, in which x stands for a numeric value from 0 to 1, and y stands for a numeric value of 0 to 1, as well as its use as an absorber material in a solar cell. The metal Mel is a metal which is selected from the metals in group 11 of the periodic table of the elements (Cu, Ag or Au). The metals Me2 and Me3 are selected from the elements of the 12th group of the periodic table of elements (Zn, Cd & Hg). The metal Me4 is a metal which is selected from the 4th main group of the periodic table of elements (C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb). The non-metals C1 and C2 are selected from the group of chalcogenides (S, Se and Te).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a monograin membrane and a monograin membrane produced according to said method. The invention further relates to the production of a solar cell from such a monograin membrane as well as a produced solar cell. The monograin membranes produced according to the invention can also be used for other applications, e.g. for converting electric energy into radiation energy or in detectors for detecting radiation. The aim of the invention is to improve the production of monograin membranes and solar cells. Said aim is achieved by first preparing a horizontally oriented layer made of a binder that is not yet cured or cross-linked such that the binder is liquid or at least viscous. Grains are partially introduced into the layer through a surface of the layer in such a way that only a portion of each grain is immersed in the layer and a zone of the grain remains above the surface of the layer.

Abstract: This invention describes a semiconductor material of general formula (I) Me12Me21-xMe3xMe4(C11-yC2y)4, in which x stands for a numeric value from 0 to 1, and y stands for a numeric value of 0 to 1, as well as its use as an absorber material in a solar cell. The metal Mel is a metal which is selected from the metals in group 11 of the periodic table of the elements (Cu, Ag or Au). The metals Me2 and Me3 are selected from the elements of the 12th group of the periodic table of elements (Zn, Cd & Hg). The metal Me4 is a metal which is selected from the 4th main group of the periodic table of elements (C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb). The non-metals C1 and C2 are selected from the group of chalcogenides (S, Se and Te).

Abstract: A composite material includes at least two components, wherein at least one component is present in the form of nanoparticles, which consist of at least three metals and at least one non-metal and the diameter of which is less than one micrometre, preferably less than 200 nm. The novel composite material is particularly well suited for the production of photoactive layers.

Abstract: A printing press is provided that includes at least one printing unit printing on a plurality of successive web portions. Each of the web portions is printed with a plurality of groups of pages and each web portion is printed with different content than at least one other of the plurality of web portions. The printing press also includes a storage apparatus receiving the web portions and storing the web portions separately from one another and a folder receiving the web portions from the storage apparatus and processing the web portions into a plurality of printed products. Each of the printed products includes one group of pages from each of the web portions. A method of creating newspapers is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a monograin membrane and a monograin membrane produced according to said method. The invention further relates to the production of a solar cell from such a monograin membrane as well as a produced solar cell. The monograin membranes produced according to the invention can also be used for other applications, e.g. for converting electric energy into radiation energy or in detectors for detecting radiation. The aim of the invention is to improve the production of monograin membranes and solar cells. Said aim is achieved by first preparing a horizontally oriented layer made of a binder that is not yet cured or cross-linked such that the binder is liquid or at least viscous. Grains are partially introduced into the layer through a surface of the layer in such a way that only a portion of each grain is immersed in the layer and a zone of the grain remains above the surface of the layer.

Abstract: A method for producing photoactive layers, and components, such as solar cells, including the layers. According to the invention, the photoactive layers are produced by forming a non-semiconducting layer from precursor material including at least one metal compound and a salt-like and/or organic reactant on a substrate by printing or blade coating, the layer being exposed to temperatures of less than 300° C., wherein a semiconducting, photoactive layer is formed from the non-semiconducting layer by thermal conversion of the precursor material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a layer containing inorganic semiconductor particles. According to the invention, the layer containing inorganic semiconductor particles is formed in situ from metal salts and/or metal compounds and a salt-type or organic reactant within a semiconducting organic matrix. The layers containing inorganic semiconductor particles and produced according to the invention enable a simple and cost-effective production process for photovoltaic elements, such as solar cells or photodetectors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane, in particular, a membrane for use in a methanol fuel cell. The inventive membrane comprises complexing agents for cations and, therefore, functions like an anion exchanger. In a particular embodiment, the membrane comprises complexing agents selected from the group of crown ethers, cryptates, or of cryptate-like compounds based on carbon cyclic compounds or silicon compounds.

Abstract: A device is provided for fastening a first part to a stationary second part, in particular to a part of a vehicle, having a fastening element which can be connected to the first part and has at least one locking element arranged so it cannot be lost, such that it can be brought into a locked position where the first part is joined to the second part and it can also be brought into an unlocked position where the first part is released from the second part, where the fastening element has a top part facing the second part and a bottom part facing the first part, where the top part and the bottom part are designed to pivot about a pivot axis, and the locking element is mounted on the top part.

Abstract: A component with a first layer which mainly includes a first material, a second layer which mainly includes a second material and at least one intermediate layer being located between the first layer and the second layer. The component is configured in such a way that the intermediate layer contains the first and/or the second material and that at least one substance is colloidally dissolved in the intermediate layer and that the substance has another conductibility than the first or second material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane, in particular, a membrane for use in a methanol fuel cell. The inventive membrane comprises complexing agents for cations and, therefore, functions like an anion exchanger. In a particular embodiment, the membrane comprises complexing agents selected from the group of crown ethers, cryptates, or of cryptate-like compounds based on carbon cyclic compounds or silicon compounds.

Abstract: For production of monocrystalline powders there is formed a melt to which a fluxing agent is added. The melt contains the components of a semiconductor material, an example being the components of copper indium diselenide which are generally used in a stoichiometric composition. The melt is usually heated to temperatures of between 300° C. and 1000° C. Monocrystalline powder grains grow. The desired recrystallization takes place at temperatures above the melting points of the materials to be fused. Once the powder grains have the desired size, the growth is stopped by quenching. The appropriate instant of quenching as well as the appropriate temperature profile for obtaining desired powder sizes are determined by, for example, preliminary experiments. Thereafter the fluxing agent is eliminated. Monograin membranes are produced from the powders produced according to the process and are used in particular in solar cells. The process is simple and inexpensive. Powder grains of uniform size are obtained.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a solar cell, a phase A is deposited in the form of stacks on an electrically conductive substrate, wherein the stacks are covalently and electrically interconnected and also connected to the substrate, and any spaces between the stacks are filled with a phase B, which is electrically connected to a counter electrode, wherein the phases A and B are so selected that they form a photovoltaic active transition structure or an injection contact. The invention also resides in a solar cell made in accordance with this method.

Abstract: A method and device for testing the quality of a sheet-like element comprising a membrane are presented. The quality test is limited to a part-area of the sheet-like element. A useful material is fed to one side of the sheet-like element via an outlet orifice corresponding to the part are to be tested. The method can be used in the production of large-area membranes or membrane/electrode units (MEU) provided for use in fuel cells. The quality test can take place in a simple way even during production of these sheet-like elements. Faults during production can be detected at an early stage and the production parameters changed accordingly. In the case of testing an MEU for a fuel cell, fuel gas can be applied to one side of the MEU in a punctiform manner. Oxygen of the ambient atmosphere located on the other side can serve as an oxidation gas.

Abstract: Disclosed the use of organic materials having a specific conductivity of less than 10.sup.-2 S/cm and a nonionic charge carrier mobility greater than 10.sup.-4 cm.sup.2 /Vs as charge transport medium, with the proviso that an increase in the charge carrier concentration by a factor of 10 or more is not caused in this organic material by light absorption, and corresponding electrochemical cells.